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Joseph Was Seventeen When He Made His Brothers His Enemies

Gad pulled a lamb out of a bear's mouth and had to put it down. Joseph went home and told their father the handmaids' sons were eating the herd.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Lamb Gad Pulled Out of a Bear
  2. What Joseph Had Never Done
  3. Two Dreams He Told to Their Faces
  4. The Angel Who Sent Him to Dothan
  5. The Day They Set Aside Forever
Joseph Was Seventeen When He Made His Brothers His Enemies Click for full size

The Lamb Gad Pulled Out of a Bear

Gad guarded the flock at night, and when something came out of the dark for the sheep he did not run. He caught it by one hind leg and swung it around his head until it hung slack, and then he threw it, and it landed two stadia off, dead before it stopped rolling. That was the kind of man he was.

One night a bear got a lamb in its jaws before Gad reached it. He tore the lamb loose. It stood there shaking in his hands with the marks of the teeth on it, too far gone with terror to eat or be driven, and Gad did the only thing left and cut its throat.

Joseph had been in the field that season too. Jacob had sent him out to help with the flock and he lasted thirty days before the heat put him on his back, and he came home sick to his father. What he brought home with him was a report. The sons of the handmaids, he told Jacob, were slaughtering the best animals in the herd and eating them, and they never asked Judah or Reuben for permission.

One lamb. One bear. One night. Out of it Joseph made a habit, a pattern, a family of thieves. And of all the brothers it was Gad who carried that the longest.

What Joseph Had Never Done

The brothers had taken the castle at Bethchorin in the dark. The men of that place were fighters who would not turn from a thousand, and the sons of Jacob had never fought at night before and were terrified of them, and they called out to God from the middle of it. God answered by putting a madness into the Chorinites, who swung at each other until morning while the sons of Jacob slipped down the slope and waited. The noise carried so far that kings on the other side of the Jordan lay awake asking who could stand against the Hebrews.

Joseph was not there. Neither was Benjamin. They were the young ones, the sons of Rachel, kept home while the rest of the household went out against the cities of the Amorites. When his brothers came back Joseph praised them. He admired their strength, he told them so, and then in the same breath he set himself above them, and he kept doing it. Jacob helped him do it. The coat of many colors was on him every day, and it said in public what a father is supposed to keep private.

After a while they could not say a civil word to him. Joseph had made enemies of eleven men, and he went on eating at their table.

Two Dreams He Told to Their Faces

He was seventeen the year the dreams started, and he could not hold one in his mouth. He came to his brothers in the field. "We were binding sheaves," he said, "and mine stood up, and yours came around it in a circle and bowed down to it."

They stared at him. "Do you mean to reign over us? Do you mean to rule us?"

He went and told Jacob, and Jacob kissed him and blessed him, and the brothers watched that happen too. Then came the second dream, and this one he delivered with everybody in the room. The sun, the moon, and eleven stars, all of them bowing.

Jacob rebuked him in front of them. "What is this dream? Why do you magnify yourself over brothers who are older than you? Do you imagine that I and your mother and your eleven brothers are going to come and bow to the ground in front of you?" Then Jacob said nothing more about it, and kept the dreams somewhere in himself where he could get at them later.

The Angel Who Sent Him to Dothan

The brothers were late coming back from Shechem with the flock, and Jacob worried the men of Shechem had risen against them, so he sent Joseph to go and see. Joseph did not find them at Shechem. He walked the fields around the town, took a wrong turn, and lost the road entirely.

An angel of the Lord found him wandering there. Joseph asked him where his brothers were feeding. The angel said he had heard them say they were going on to Dothan. So Joseph thanked him and went to Dothan.

They saw him coming across the open ground while he was still small in the distance, and by the time he reached them they had decided. Simeon said it out loud: here comes the man of dreams, let us kill him and drop him in one of the pits and tell our father a wild animal ate him. Reuben would not have it. Throw him in the pit if you have to, he said, but do not put a hand on him to spill his blood. He meant to come back for him at dark.

Joseph sat down among them and they were on him. They stripped the coat off his back and threw him into a pit with no water in it and serpents and scorpions along the bottom. Joseph screamed, and God pushed the serpents and the scorpions back into the sides of the pit, and they did not touch him.

Then he started calling up through the hole. What have I done to you? What is my sin? Judah, Simeon, Levi, lift me out of this dark place. Are you not the sons of Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, who fed strangers and clothed them? Am I not your bone and your flesh? He cried and he called and he cried again, and his brothers stood up and walked away from the mouth of the pit until they could not hear him, and sat down to eat.

The Day They Set Aside Forever

A caravan came along the Egypt road and Judah asked what profit there was in a dead brother. They sold him for twenty pieces of silver. Then they killed a goat, dipped the coat in its blood, and carried it home.

Jacob knew it on sight. He tore his clothes, put sackcloth on, and refused every son and daughter who came to comfort him. He said he would go down to the grave mourning.

What the brothers did afterward is the part nobody expects. They fixed a day. One day out of every year, marked off and handed down to their children, to grieve for their sins and their transgressions and every wrong they had done, so that they could be cleansed of it once a year. They knew what they had thrown into the pit. They arranged to keep knowing.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Jasher 41Book of Jasher

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Book of Jasher, J. H. Parry edition (1887) · Public Domain

After journeying from Shechem to Hebron to be with their father Isaac, Jacob's sons settled in the valley. The pastures of Shechem were still good, and that’s where they tended their flocks. The Book of Jasher tells us this was the 106th year of Jacob’s life, and the tenth year since his return from Padan-aram. It was also the year his wife, Leah, passed away at the age of fifty-one, and was buried in the cave of Machpelah, the same burial place Abraham had purchased from the children of Heth.

Joseph, along with his younger brother Benjamin, were Rachel’s sons, and still quite young. They hadn’t participated in their brothers' battles against the Amorites. But Joseph, seeing his brothers' strength and greatness, started to… well, let’s just say he developed a bit of an ego. He praised them, yes, but he also began to see himself as superior. And Jacob, well, he wasn't helping things. He loved Joseph more than his other sons, because he was a son of his old age. And out of that love, he made Joseph that infamous ketonet passim – the coat of many colors.

As we read in Jasher, Joseph, emboldened by his father's favor, began to exalt himself even more, and even brought evil reports about his brothers to Jacob. Seeing all this, and knowing their father's preference for Joseph, his brothers hated him. They couldn't even speak to him peacefully.

And then came the dreams. Oh, those dreams!

At seventeen, Joseph dreamt a dream, and he just had to share it. "We were all binding sheaves in the field," he told his brothers, "and my sheaf rose and stood upright, and your sheaves gathered around it and bowed down to it!" You can imagine the reaction. "Do you actually think you'll reign over us?" they scoffed.

But he wasn't done. He told his father, Jacob, about the dream, too. Jacob, though he kissed and blessed Joseph, knew this was a dangerous thing to flaunt.

Then came the second dream, which Joseph shared with everyone: "The sun, the moon, and eleven stars were bowing down to me!" Jacob, hearing this in front of all his sons, rebuked Joseph: "What does this mean? "

As Jasher points out, despite the rebuke, Jacob "reserved the dreams in his heart," pondering their meaning. But the brothers? They were beyond jealous. Their hatred for Joseph only intensified.

One day, the brothers were delayed in Shechem while feeding their father's flock. Jacob, worried that the people of Shechem had attacked them, sent Joseph to check on them. This is where things take a dark turn.

Joseph searched for his brothers in Shechem but couldn’t find them. An angel of the Lord found him wandering in a field and told him they had gone to Dothan.

When Joseph finally found his brothers in Dothan, they saw him coming from afar and plotted to kill him. "Here comes that dreamer!" Simeon exclaimed. "Let's kill him and throw him into a pit. We'll tell our father a wild animal devoured him."

Reuben, however, had a different idea. He urged them to throw Joseph into a pit, but not to kill him directly, hoping to rescue him later and bring him back to Jacob.

When Joseph arrived, they seized him, tore off his coat of many colors, and threw him into a pit, one that was empty of water but filled with serpents and scorpions. According to the Book of Jasher, Joseph cried out, and the Lord hid the creatures so they wouldn't harm him.

From the depths of the pit, Joseph pleaded with his brothers. "What have I done? Why don't you fear the Lord? Am I not your brother?" He reminded them of their ancestors' compassion for the needy. "How can you withhold pity from your own flesh and blood?"

But his brothers wouldn't listen. They moved away from the pit to avoid hearing his cries.

Joseph, in his despair, lamented, "Oh, that my father knew what you have done to me!"

What a heartbreaking scene. Family, meant to be a source of love and support, turned into a source of betrayal and cruelty. How easily can jealousy and resentment poison even the closest relationships? And what responsibility do we have to manage those feelings, both in ourselves and in others, before they lead to such devastating consequences?

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Jasher 40Book of Jasher

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Book of Jasher, J. H. Parry edition (1887) · Public Domain

That’s where texts like the Book of Jasher come in, offering us a glimpse into those "untold" stories.

Chapter 40 of Jasher picks up right after the sons of Jacob have plundered Gaash. As they leave the city by night, they head toward the castle of Bethchorin. But the inhabitants of Bethchorin are ready, meeting them head-on. The text paints a vivid picture: "all the inhabitants of Bethchorin were mighty men, one of them would not flee from before a thousand men." It's a seriously uneven match.

The battle is fierce, a chaotic scene of shouting and quaking earth. The sons of Jacob, unaccustomed to fighting in the dark, are terrified. In desperation, "the sons of Jacob cried unto the Lord, saying, Give help to us O Lord, deliver us that we may not die by the hands of these uncircumcised men."

Here's where things get interesting. The Book of Jasher tells us that God answers their prayer, not by sending angels or performing a miracle, but by sowing confusion among the enemy. "The Lord caused great terror and confusion to seize the people of Bethchorin, and they fought amongst themselves…and smote each other in great numbers."

Seizing the opportunity, Jacob’s sons slip away and wait out the night. The infighting continues until morning, the cries of the Chorinites echoing across the land. The text emphasizes their power, stating "they were powerful above all the people of the earth." Imagine the sheer terror this must have inspired.

The next morning, Jacob's sons return to the castle and finish off the remaining Chorinites. This victory sends shockwaves throughout Canaan. The surrounding kings are terrified, fearing they'll suffer the same fate. "Who can stand against their mighty strength?" they wonder. It’s evidence of the fear and reputation Jacob’s sons have cultivated.

The narrative then shifts to diplomacy, or at least, a Canaanite version of it. The king of Hebron, Japhia, initiates a peace process, sending messages to other kings urging them to join him. He knows they have to approach Jacob's sons, but they are wise to the ways of men.

After forty days, twenty-one kings and their retinues gather at Hebron. Jacob’s sons, ever cautious, send spies to assess the situation. Discovering that the kings are relatively few in number, they decide to meet, but with a show of force. Ten of Jacob's sons and sixty-two servants, armed for battle, approach the kings.

What follows is a tense negotiation. The king of Hebron acts as an intermediary, assuring Jacob and his sons that the kings seek peace. Initially skeptical, Jacob’s sons demand proof: each king must approach them unarmed. The kings comply, bowing before Jacob and his sons, acknowledging their power.

The kings plead for a treaty, promising not to interfere with Jacob's family if they, in turn, are left alone. Jacob’s sons agree, extracting an oath from the kings and establishing a tributary relationship. To seal the deal, the kings even offer gifts and return the spoil taken from the conquered cities.

The chapter concludes with a sense of uneasy peace. "There was peace from that day forward between the sons of Jacob and the kings of the Canaanites, until the children of Israel came to inherit the land of Canaan."

So, what are we to make of this story? It's a fascinating glimpse into the political landscape of Canaan, a world of shifting alliances and constant threats. It also highlights the complex relationship between Jacob’s family and the surrounding nations, a mix of fear, respect, and strategic maneuvering. The Book of Jasher offers a unique perspective, reminding us that even in the midst of grand narratives, there are always untold stories shaping the course of history.

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Book of Jubilees 34:28Book of Jubilees

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria Community Translation · CC-BY

It wasn't always about grand gestures and sacrifices. Sometimes, it was about simple, annual reflection. The Book of Jubilees, a text considered scripture by some ancient Jewish groups, offers a glimpse into one such tradition.

It tells us that a specific day was "ordained" – set aside – for people to grieve their sins, transgressions, and errors. The purpose? Cleansing. A spiritual reset button, if you will.

Why is this important? Because it highlights a profound human need – the need for repentance and renewal. The Book of Jubilees presents this annual day of atonement as a divinely ordained opportunity for self-improvement.

Then, the narrative shifts. "And after Joseph perished, the sons of Jacob took unto themselves wives." It's a seemingly simple statement, but it marks a transition, a new chapter in the story of Jacob's family. After the drama and upheaval surrounding Joseph's disappearance and eventual rise to power in Egypt, life goes on. Families grow. Lineages continue.

But the text doesn't just say they took wives; it names them. And in these names, we find a seed of future conflict and complexity. "The name of Reuben's wife is ’Adâ and the name of Simeon's wife is ’Adîbâ’a, a Canaanite; and the name of Levi's wife is Mêlkâ, of the daughters of Aram, of the seed of the sons of Terah; and the name of Judah's wife, Bêtasû’êl, a Canaanite."

Notice anything? Two of the wives, Simeon's and Judah's, are Canaanites. This is significant. The Torah later strongly discourages Israelites from marrying Canaanites, fearing their influence and the potential for the adoption of foreign gods and customs. These marriages, recorded so matter-of-factly in Jubilees, foreshadow the challenges and tensions that will arise as the Israelites forge their identity and relationship with the land of Canaan.

Levi, however, marries Mêlkâ, who comes from Aram, and is "of the seed of the sons of Terah." This connection to Terah, who was Abraham's father, suggests a shared ancestral heritage, a marriage within the broader family.

So, what do we take away from this brief passage in the Book of Jubilees? We see a glimpse into ancient practices of atonement, a reminder of the enduring human desire for forgiveness and renewal. And we see the seeds of future conflict sown in the marriages of Jacob's sons, a subtle foreshadowing of the challenges that lie ahead for the burgeoning Israelite nation. It's a complex tapestry woven with threads of tradition, family, and faith, where even seemingly minor details can hold profound significance.

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Legends of the Jews 1:8Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

Take the story of Joseph and his brothers, for instance. It's a tale of sibling rivalry, jealousy, and ultimately, redemption.

Joseph, the favored son, wasn't exactly winning popularity contests with his brothers. He had a habit of bringing tales back to their father, Jacob, and these weren’t always flattering. The Legends of the Jews, a masterful compilation of rabbinic lore by Louis Ginzberg, tells us that Joseph's actions were a key reason his brothers resented him so deeply.

Among the brothers, Gad, in particular, held a special kind of resentment. Why Gad? Well, Gad was a bit of a hero. He was known for his incredible bravery. Imagine this: a wild animal attacks the flock he's guarding at night. Gad doesn't run. Instead, he grabs the beast by the leg, whirls it around with incredible strength, and flings it so far – two stadia (that's roughly a quarter of a mile!) – that it's stunned, even killed by the impact. This wasn't your average shepherd!

Here's where the trouble starts. Jacob sends Joseph to check on the flock. But Joseph, being a more…delicate soul, only lasts about thirty days. According to the Legends, the heat gets to him, and he falls ill. He hurries back home to Jacob, and upon his return, he tells his father something that sounds pretty damning. He reports that the sons of the handmaids are slaughtering the best cattle without permission from Judah and Reuben.

But here's the kicker: it wasn't entirely true. What really happened? Gad, our brave shepherd, had rescued a lamb from a bear's jaws. The lamb was so traumatized, so injured, that it couldn't survive. So, Gad did what he thought was right: he slaughtered it to end its suffering. Joseph, however, presented this as if the sons of the handmaids were habitually wasteful and careless with their father's livestock. A single, isolated incident, twisted and presented in a way that paints a picture of recklessness and disregard. We see how easily a good deed can be misinterpreted, how quickly a narrative can be shaped to confirm existing biases. Joseph’s account, even if partially based on something that occurred, fueled the growing animosity toward him.

The story reminds us to be careful with our words, to consider the context before we judge, and to remember that even the most heroic actions can be misunderstood. It’s a powerful lesson woven into the interplay of the Joseph story, a story that continues to resonate with us today. How often do we jump to conclusions based on incomplete information? How often do we let our biases color our perceptions?

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