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Moses Made King by the Clothes Off His People's Backs

The Ethiopian army had no throne to offer Moses, so they stripped their garments, piled them into a seat, and crowned the man who had freed their city.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. A Throne Built of Garments
  2. Nine Years in the Field
  3. The Strategy That Opened the City
  4. What the Coronation Actually Was

A Throne Built of Garments

The soldiers stripped their outer garments. They piled them on the ground in the open field. They built a seat out of cloth and leather and the specific dignity of men who had nothing more appropriate to give but were determined to give it with ceremony. They placed Moses on top of the pile, blew their trumpets until the sound crossed the field, and declared him king.

Then they brought him everything they had managed to reclaim from the city: gold, precious stones, onyx, pearls, silver. The kinds of gifts that take days to gather and that, when presented all at once in a single afternoon, mean something exact. They were not paying tribute to a conqueror who had taken their city from them. They were expressing a relief so large and so long deferred that it had become ceremony without anyone deciding to make it so.

Nine Years in the Field

These men had been camped outside their own walls for nine years. Their king Kikanos had died in the camp, worn down by illness and by the particular despair of watching your own city from a distance you cannot cross. The eastern approach was held by the snakes Balaam had planted in the earth. The western approach was sealed by Balaam's water sorcery. The walls were manned by hired soldiers who answered to the man who had stolen the city while its rightful king was away at war.

Nine years of this. Nine years of waking up in a camp that was not a home and looking at walls that had been home and knowing that every conventional military solution had already been tried and had failed. By the time a fugitive arrived from Egypt with the manner and abilities of someone who might know how to solve this problem, the army had long passed the point where pride would get in the way of listening. They told the stranger everything and asked what he could do.

The Strategy That Opened the City

Moses had grown up in Pharaoh's palace, which meant he had grown up watching power operate and had learned to read terrain the way people who survive powerful environments learn to read it. He looked at the two approaches, the snakes to the east and the sorcery to the west, and he looked at the army in front of him, and he asked what the army had that Balaam had not thought to account for.

The answer was birds. The tradition preserves the specific strategy: Moses directed the soldiers to hunt storks and train them to carry things in their talons. Then he led the army against the eastern wall from above the ground level, using the storks to deal with the snakes that had held the approach for nearly a decade. The eastern wall fell. The city opened. Balaam and his sons Jannes and Jambres fled south through the gap before the army closed around them, running toward Egypt and toward the longer arc of their story there.

What the Coronation Actually Was

The pile of garments in the field was not a makeshift substitute for a proper throne. It was the only throne that made sense after nine years of waiting in the wrong place. A palace throne has the weight of inheritance behind it. It says: the person who sits here sits where others sat before him, and that continuity is the authority. The throne of garments said something different. It said: this army chose this man with the most personal things they had, the clothes off their backs, because he solved a problem that their dead king and nine years of their own efforts had not been able to solve, and the choice itself is the authority.

Moses was twenty-seven years old. He had come to Ethiopia as a fugitive with no army and no allies and nothing to recommend him except the manner of a man who had grown up inside power and had learned what it required. He would reign for forty years. The woman he would eventually not marry, Adoniah the widow of Kikanos, would remain at his side as the queen who kept the practical operations of the kingdom functioning while Moses, as the tradition records with a kind of precise care, observed the laws of his fathers and did not touch her.


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The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Legends of the Jews 4:105Legends of the Jews

Not for your strength, but for your character. That's the story of Moses, as he became king of Ethiopia.

It's a wild tale, isn’t it? readers often think of Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt, receiving the Torah at Sinai. But before all that, according to some traditions, he ruled a kingdom far, far away.

How did it happen? Well, the Ethiopians were searching for a leader. They needed someone worthy to guide them. And after much searching, they found only one man fit for the job: Moses.

So, what did they do? They didn't just offer him the crown. They built him a throne – literally! They stripped off their upper garments, piled them high to make a platform, and placed Moses on top. Think of it – a king raised up not by conquest or birthright, but by the very clothes off his people's backs!

Then they blew trumpets and declared, "Long live the king! Long live the king!" The whole nation, nobles and commoners alike, swore allegiance. But there was a condition, a rather unusual one: they would give him Adoniah, the Ethiopian queen, the widow of Kikanos, as his wife.

Can you imagine the scene? The cheers, the music, the weight of a kingdom suddenly placed on Moses’ shoulders. And then the offer of marriage to a queen he'd never met! It’s a lot to take in.

But the story doesn't end there. To solidify his reign, the people made a unique offering. They issued a proclamation: everyone was to give something of their possessions to Moses. And they spread a sheet upon that makeshift throne, and each person cast something onto it. What did they offer? Gold nose rings, coins, precious stones like onyx and bdellium, pearls, gold, and silver – an abundance of riches. The Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) doesn't explicitly state the purpose of this collection, but we can imagine it was both a sign of their devotion and a means to support the new king's rule.

This narrative, found in texts like Legends of the Jews by Rabbi Louis Ginzberg, reveals a different side to Moses, a time before the burning bush and the parting of the Red Sea. It shows his capacity for leadership, even in a foreign land, among a people not his own.

It makes you wonder, doesn’t it? What qualities did Moses possess that made him such a universally appealing leader? Humility? Integrity? Or perhaps a quiet strength that resonated with people across cultures? Whatever it was, it's clear that even before he became the Moses we all know, there was something extraordinary about him.

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Shemot Rabbah 46:3Shemot Rabbah

These three actions originated from Moses' own reasoning, and, remarkably, his reasoning turned out to be in sync with God's own.

The first instance involves Moses separating from his wife. Now, this is a loaded topic. Shemot Rabbah 46 presents different viewpoints on this. Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai offers a compelling argument: If even the temporarily sanctified Mount Sinai demanded abstinence ("Do not approach a woman," (Exodus 19:1)5), then Moses, who was in constant communication with God, should certainly abstain. – constant, direct communication! That's intense.

Rabbi Akiva throws another log on the fire, suggesting God commanded Moses to separate. He points to (Numbers 12:8), "Mouth to mouth I speak with him," arguing this was God's justification after Miriam and Aaron questioned Moses' decision. Then Rabbi Yehuda chimes in with a third possibility, that the decree "Do not approach a woman" during the Sinai revelation included Moses, but when God later said, "Return you to your tents" (Deuteronomy 5:27), Moses was told, "you stay here with Me" (Deuteronomy 5:28).

It's a fascinating glimpse into rabbinic debate – different interpretations, all seeking to understand the motivations and divine will behind Moses' actions.

The second instance revolves around the Ohel Moed, the Tent of Meeting. Moses reasoned that if God only spoke to him at Sinai after explicitly calling him ("The Lord called to him from the mountain, saying," Exodus 19:3), then surely the same principle applied, even more so, at the permanently sanctified Tent of Meeting. So Moses waited for the call, and as we see in (Leviticus 1:1), "He called to Moses…[from the Tent of Meeting]." Again, Moses's own logic mirrored God's protocol.

And finally, the big one: the breaking of the tablets. This is huge. Shemot Rabbah tells us Moses reasoned that if even the lesser sanctified paschal offering was forbidden to strangers ("No stranger shall partake of it," (Exodus 12:4)3), then surely the Tablets, the very handiwork of God, should not fall into the hands of idolaters. So, in a moment of profound and perhaps impulsive action, he shattered them.

The text emphasizes the sheer force of will Moses displayed. Aaron and the seventy elders physically tried to stop him, but they couldn't. It was a powerful act, defying even the elders!

But here's where it gets really interesting. The text notes that even the will of God was that he not break them! (Deuteronomy 34:11) refers to "all the signs and the wonders," and according to some interpretations (like the Etz Yosef), Moses' breaking of the tablets was a "wonder" precisely because it occurred without God's explicit prior approval. Or perhaps, God wanted Moses to withhold them, not destroy them.

So why didn't God punish Moses? Because, as the text concludes, God ultimately approved of Moses' zeal. "Let there be peace for that hand," God says, referring to the hand that broke the tablets ("And with all the mighty hand," (Deuteronomy 34:1)2). As the Rashash commentary notes, this was God's retroactive endorsement of Moses's action.

What does this all mean? It’s a powerful reminder that even our greatest leaders confront interpreting God's will. It highlights the importance of human reasoning, sechel, in our tradition. And it suggests that sometimes, acting with righteous intention, even if it seems to defy expectations, can ultimately align with the divine plan.

It makes you wonder, doesn't it? Are there times in our own lives when our intuition, our own sense of what's right, might actually be a subtle form of divine guidance? Perhaps the story of Moses and the tablets encourages us to trust our own moral compass, even as we strive to understand and follow the path laid out before us. Just like Moses, we must strive to make the right choices, and hope that our reasoning aligns with the will of the Holy One.

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