Parshat Ki Tavo7 min read

When Moses Read the Curses of Deuteronomy, the Sun Went Dark

The sun went out at midday and no tree moved. Under the ground Abraham, Isaac and Jacob shouted that nobody would be left to plead for their children.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Creation Stopped Moving
  2. The Fathers Cried Out of Their Graves
  3. Moses Added a Condition to Every Curse
  4. He Begged the Sea and the Sea Laughed at Him
  5. The Rope Held at Both Ends

Moses stood on the plains of Moab and read out the blessings first. Rain in its season, the early rain in Marchesvan and the late rain in Nisan. Blessed walking into the houses of instruction and blessed walking out again to the day's business. Four keys stay in God's own hand and pass to no lesser power, he told them: the key of life, the key of the tombs, the key of food, and the key of rain.

When Moses Read the Curses of Deuteronomy, the Sun Went Dark Click for full size

Then he turned to the other column and began to speak the threats.

Creation Stopped Moving

The earth shook under the camp. The sun and the moon went dark in the middle of the day and the stars pulled back their beams. Every living thing on the plain went quiet at once. Not one tree moved a branch.

Accursed going into the theatres and the places of public show. The sky over them would turn to brass that sweats and yields no rain, the ground under them to iron that grows nothing. A people would come from the end of the earth, quick as an eagle, speaking a language they could not follow, with no pity for the young.

The Fathers Cried Out of Their Graves

Under the ground, three men heard him.

Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob shouted out of their tombs while the plain held still. "Woe to our children if they sin and bring these curses down on themselves. How will they carry them? Destruction will be carried out on them, no merit of ours will protect them, and there will be no man left to stand up and plead on their behalf."

That was the fear. Not the famine, not the siege. An empty place where an advocate should have been standing.

A voice fell out of the high heavens and answered them. "Do not be afraid, fathers of the world. If the merit of every other generation fails, yours will not fail. The covenant I confirmed with you will not be annulled, and it will go on covering them."

Moses Added a Condition to Every Curse

Moses heard the dead crying and stopped reading.

"Whomever I threaten, I threaten on a condition," he said. Then he took the list back to the top. If you do not listen to the word of the Lord your God. If you do not keep the statutes I am giving you today. Only then do all these curses come and cleave to you.

He Begged the Sea and the Sea Laughed at Him

Within weeks the same voice was arguing for its own life. God told him the days were drawing near for him to die. "Is it for nothing that my feet walked the thick cloud? Is it for nothing that I ran in front of Your children like a horse? Is my end to be the worm?"

"I decreed death over the first Adam."

"Adam deserved it. You gave him one light commandment and he broke it."

"Look at Abraham, who sanctified My name in My world."

"Out of Abraham came Ishmael, and Ishmael's people provoked You to anger."

"Look at Isaac, who stretched out his neck on the altar."

"Out of Isaac came Esau, who will burn Your sanctuary down."

"Look at Jacob, out of whom came twelve tribes with no flaw in them."

"Jacob never climbed into the firmament. His feet never walked the thick cloud. He never took the Torah out of Your hand and he never spoke with You face to face."

"Enough from you. Do not speak to Me about this again."

So he went looking for someone else to plead for him. Heaven and earth said they had to beg mercy for themselves first, since the heavens would vanish like smoke and the earth wear out like a garment. The stars said the same. The mountains said the same. Then he went down to the sea.

The sea knew him. "Son of Amram, how is today different from other days? Are you not the one who came at me with your rod and split me into twelve parts? I could not stand in front of you then, because the Presence was walking at your right hand. What has happened to you today?"

Moses cried out. "When I passed through you I was a king of the world. Now I am flat on the ground and nobody pays attention to me."

He climbed to the archangel of the Presence. "My master Moses, why wear yourself out," the angel said. "I heard it from behind the curtain. Your prayer on this matter is not heard."

Moses put both hands on his head and sobbed. "Who is left for me to ask?"

The Rope Held at Both Ends

"Moses, I swore two oaths," God said. "One that you would die, one that I would destroy Israel. Cancelling both is impossible. If you want to live, Israel goes."

"You are coming at me with a plot. You are holding the rope at both ends." He took no time over the rest of it. "Let Moses be destroyed and a thousand like him. Do not let one person in Israel be destroyed."

Out on that plain the dead fathers had been afraid that no man would be left to stand between their children and the curse. One man was standing. He had just traded himself away.

Metatron came and fell on his face. "Master of the world, in his life he was Yours, in his death he is Yours."

God answered with a king whose son angered him daily, and daily the mother pulled the boy out of his hand, and when she died the king wept for the son and not the wife. "It is not over Moses alone that I am weeping. It is over him and over Israel. Look how many times they angered Me, and he stood in the breach and turned My anger back."

They came and told Moses the hour had arrived. He asked them to wait while he blessed Israel, because his people had never had much joy from him, only rebukes and warnings. He blessed the tribes one by one, saw the time running short, and swept the rest into a single blessing. Then he asked their forgiveness for how hard he had been about the Torah, and they gave it, and asked his pardon in return.

They came again. "The half moment has arrived."

He took his two arms and laid them across his heart. "See the end of flesh and blood."

They answered him, "The hands that took the Torah from the mouth of the Almighty are going down into the grave."

His soul left him with a kiss. Israel did not bury him and the angels did not bury him. God buried him in the valley outside the land, so that the ones who die outside the land might live again through his merit.


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From the tradition

Sources

2 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy 28Targum Jonathan

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Public Domain

The blessings of (Deuteronomy 28) receive domestic detail. Being blessed "when you go out" becomes "blessed shall you be in your coming in to your houses of instruction, and blessed shall you be when you go out to your affairs." The Targum places study halls at the center of blessed life. And nations will fear Israel because "the Name is written by His own appointment on the tephillin that are upon thee." God's actual Name, inscribed on phylacteries, terrifies the nations. The Torah says nations will see you are called by God's name. The Targum says they will see it physically written on your body.

The Targum reveals four cosmic keys. "Four keys are in the hand of the Lord of all the world, which He hath not delivered into the hands of any secondary power: the key of life, and of the tombs, and of food, and of rain." No angel, no prince, no intermediary holds these keys. God alone controls birth, resurrection, sustenance, and weather. This is theology disguised as a blessing.

Then comes the curses. And the Targum stages a cosmic event the Torah never describes. "When Mosheh the prophet began to pronounce the words of threatening, the earth trembled, the heavens were moved, the sun and moon were darkened, the stars withdrew their beams, the fathers of the world cried from their sepulchres." Creation itself recoiled. The patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, screamed from their graves: "Woe to our children!"

A divine voice, the Bath-kol (בת קול), fell from heaven and reassured them: "Fear not, ye fathers of the world; if the merit of all generations should fail, yours shall not." The covenant with the patriarchs would outlast every future sin. Moses then clarified that his threats were conditional, "If you hearken not." The curses specify that Israel's houses of study become "theatres and places of public shows," that the Holy Spirit will be hidden from them, and that in the final exile they will be sold "at the beginning for a dear price, as artificers, and afterward at a cheap price, as servants and handmaids, until you be worthless."

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Midrash Tanchuma, Vaetchanan 6Midrash Tanchuma

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Townsend 1989 translation of Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension · CC-BY

God told Moses: "Do not speak to Me on this matter again" (Deuteronomy 3:26). The decree was final. But Moses argued anyway.

Rabbi Abbahu offered a parable. A nobleman found a magnificent sword, unmatched in all the world. And brought it to the king as a gift. The king took the sword, admired it, then said: "Cut off his head with it." Moses understood the parable perfectly. He had praised God with the word hen, "Behold, the heavens and the heavens of heavens belong to the Lord your God" (Deuteronomy 10:14). And God used that very word to sentence him: "Behold (hen), the days are drawing near for you to die" (Deuteronomy 31:14). The instrument of praise became the instrument of death.

Moses protested: "I ascended to the heavens! I entered the Araphel, the dark cloud where You dwell! I spoke with You face to face and received the Torah from Your hand! Was it all for nothing, just to end as food for worms?"

God replied: "I have already decreed death over the first Adam." Moses shot back: "Adam deserved it. You gave him one easy commandment and he broke it. But I kept all six hundred and thirteen commandments!" God said: "Abraham also died." Moses answered: "Abraham fathered Ishmael, whose descendants do wicked things." God said: "Isaac also died." Moses replied: "Isaac fathered Esau, who destroyed the Temple." God said: "Jacob also died." Moses answered: "Jacob's sons all served You, not one went astray."

Moses ran out of arguments but not out of grief. He wept: "Woe to my feet that never walked in the Land of Israel! Woe to my hands that never plucked its fruit! Woe to my throat that never tasted the milk and honey!"

He died on the seventh of Adar, exactly one hundred and twenty years to the day after his birth. The sages calculated backward from the crossing of the Jordan on the tenth of Nisan (Joshua 4:19), minus thirty days of mourning, to prove that God fulfills the years of the righteous precisely, "I will complete the number of your days" (Exodus 23:26). Not a single day more. Not a single day less.

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