Parshat Noach5 min read

Noah Built the Ark With 150 Cells and Lions at the Gate

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan gave Noah a precise blueprint for 150 cells and 10 storage cabins, and God set lions at the door when the flood came.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Measurements Came Before the Rain
  2. Who Was Admitted and Who Was Not
  3. The Lock That Used Teeth and Claws
  4. One Year the Waters Held Everything

The Measurements Came Before the Rain

God did not hand Noah a vague command to survive. He gave him numbers.

One hundred and fifty cells for the ark's interior. Thirty-six units across its breadth. Ten cabins in the middle for provisions. Five repositories on the right side and five on the left. The whole structure sealed within and without with pitch. The instruction was a blueprint, and the blueprint arrived before the sky had broken open, while the world outside still looked exactly like a world that would continue.

Noah began building. He built the way a man builds when he believes the instructions he has been given, which means he built carefully and completely, not cutting any cell short, not guessing at the dimensions, not substituting his own judgment for the measurements he had received. The ark rose from the ground as a kind of argument against everything the visible world was saying about its own permanence.

Who Was Admitted and Who Was Not

The animals did not need to be gathered. They came. God commanded them and they arrived at the ark, and God instructed Noah to watch how they approached. The ones that lay down as they neared were meant to enter. The ones that stood were not.

The admitted creatures passed inside according to their kind, species by species, each one finding the cell that had been prepared for it in the blueprint. Thirty-two species of birds and three hundred and sixty-five species of reptiles went in alongside the land animals, each kind to its place. The organization that seemed impossible when Noah first received the dimensions became necessary only after the rain began, and by then the cells were already full and the cabins already stocked and every creature already in its assigned space.

The evil generation of the flood watched the animals enter and was not persuaded to repent by any of it. They had watched Noah build. They had heard what he said. They had decided it was not their concern.

The Lock That Used Teeth and Claws

When the rains broke open the sky, the men of that generation ran toward the ark. Not to repent. To break it open. They came with fists and tools, meaning to shatter the planks and drag Noah out before the waters could separate the righteous from the rest.

God had already set His own lock on the door. The Torah says the Lord shut him in, and the tradition asked: with what bolt did heaven seal that door? With teeth and claws. Lions and bears and every predator that tears its prey had been ranged in a living wall around the ark. Whoever raised a hand against the timber was struck down where he stood. The mob that came to kill became the killed, and the ark's walls never shuddered from a human blow.

The generation of the flood died in the water as individuals, scattered across a drowned world. They died at the ark's gate as a crowd, struck down before the water even reached them. Both ends of the tradition agreed on one thing: they had every opportunity to choose differently and they had chosen not to.

One Year the Waters Held Everything

Inside the ark, the year was unlike any year before or after it. One hundred and fifty cells of creatures eating, sleeping, demanding attention, requiring feeding schedules that Noah and his family worked through day by day without rest. The organization that had been built into the blueprint earned its meaning in those months. Every cell was a creature that had been saved from a world that no longer existed. Every cabin of provisions was a day's supply for a population that God had decided should survive. Every piece of pitch that sealed the walls was the difference between the managed interior and the annihilating exterior.

When the dove finally brought back the olive branch and the waters receded and the ark settled on solid ground, Noah opened the door into a world that had been swept clean of everything except what had fit inside the blueprint.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 6:14Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis

The Torah gives Noah minimal construction specs. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on (Genesis 6:14) hands him a blueprint.

"Make thee an ark of the wood of cedars; a hundred and fifty cells shalt thou make to the ark in its left side, and thirty and six in its breadth; and ten cabins in the midst, to lay up in them provision; and five repositories on the right, and five on the left; and thou shalt protect it within and without a pitch."

The Targumist is producing a shipyard drawing. 150 cells. 36 in the width. 10 central storage cabins. 5 repositories on each side. The numbers are detailed enough that one suspects the Targumist is working from a genuine carpenter's imagination. Or from an older tradition preserving a more technical account of the ark's interior.

What matters theologically is that Noah was not building a vague boat. He was building a structured sanctuary for life, with distinct compartments for different kinds of creatures and their food. Every cell was a promise that the species it held would survive. The ark was a miniature Eden: an ordered shelter in the middle of a chaotic sea.

Full source
Legends of the Jews, IV. Noah, The Inmates Of The ArkLegends of the Jews

It is often remembered as a cozy, if crowded, zoo. But Jewish tradition paints a far more complex – and at times, unsettling – picture.

The Ark wasn't just thrown together. It was built according to precise instructions, detailed in the mysterious Sefer Raziel, the Book of Raziel. According to Legends of the Jews, Noah had a daunting task: gathering no less than thirty-two species of birds and three hundred and sixty-five of reptiles! Could you imagine rounding up that many critters?

Noah didn't have to chase them down. According to Ginzberg's retelling, God commanded the animals to come to him. They just… showed up. But not all were welcome. God instructed Noah to watch which animals lay down and which stood as they approached. Those who lay down were meant to be on board. Those who stood? Nope.

We even get a little story within the story. A lioness and her two cubs approached, all crouching down. But the cubs started squabbling, and the mother rose to her feet. Noah, following God's instructions, only took the cubs. Imagine the scene: the roars, the confusion, the heartbreaking decisions Noah had to make.

Now, picture this: the animals assemble a week before the flood. The sun darkens, the earth trembles, lightning flashes, and thunder booms – louder than ever before. Despite all this, the people remained unrepentant. As the floodwaters rose, seven hundred thousand people begged Noah for entry, according to Legends of the Jews.

"Too late!" Noah essentially replied. "You rejected God, and now you face the consequences!" He reminded them that he had been prophesying this for 120 years! But they wouldn't listen. Now, they were ready to repent, but it was too late. the verse says, Noah pointed out their hypocrisy; they only turned to God because they were in distress.

The desperate crowd even tried to storm the Ark. But the wild animals guarding it turned on them, and the rest were left to drown.

These weren't ordinary people. They were giants, confident in their strength. They scoffed at Noah's warnings, saying the floodwaters would never reach their necks or that their feet were big enough to dam the springs. But God, in His wrath, sent the water through Gehenna, a sort of hellish fire, before it fell. The heated rain scalded their skin – a punishment fitting their lustful crimes.

It gets even darker. In their desperation, some threw their own children into the rising waters, hoping to stem the tide. A truly horrifying image.

The text is clear that Noah's salvation was by grace, not merit. He was righteous compared to his contemporaries, but not worthy of such a miracle. In fact, he supposedly didn't even enter the Ark until the water reached his knees!

Who else was on board? Noah's pious wife, Naamah, the daughter of Enosh. And his three sons, along with their wives. According to Legends of the Jews, Noah didn't marry until he was 498 years old, and only had children shortly before the flood, so they wouldn't suffer the fate of the rest of humanity or cause him to build an even larger ark.

And what about the animals? Only those who had remained "pure" – meaning they hadn't engaged in unnatural couplings – were allowed. Before the flood, unclean animals outnumbered the clean. Afterward, the ratio reversed because more pairs of clean animals were saved.

There are even more unusual stories! One tells of the reem, a creature so huge it couldn't fit inside. Noah tied it to the Ark, and it ran alongside. Then there's Og, the giant king of Bashan, who sat on top of the Ark and survived, fed daily by Noah through a hole, in exchange for a promise of servitude.

And lastly, two allegorical figures – Falsehood and Misfortune – also found refuge. Falsehood, denied entry alone, teamed up with Misfortune, agreeing that she could take whatever he earned. After the flood, Falsehood discovered that everything he gathered vanished, a harsh lesson about the nature of their partnership.

So, what does it all mean? The story of Noah's Ark is more than just a children's tale. It's a complex exploration of sin, repentance, divine judgment, and the fragile nature of survival. It reminds us that even in the face of overwhelming destruction, there’s always the possibility of a new beginning… even if it means sharing close quarters with a lot of animals, and maybe a giant clinging to the roof.

Full source
Midrash Aggadah, Genesis 7:16Midrash Aggadah

"And the LORD shut him in" (Genesis 7:16). This teaches that when the waters of the Flood came down and Noah entered the ark, the people of the generation of the Flood came to break open the ark and to kill Noah. What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do? He sent lions and bears and other wild beasts that tear their prey around the ark, so that anyone who sought to break open the ark, they would kill him. This is what is written: "And the LORD shut him in." And just as you say, "My God sent His angel and shut the lions' mouths" (Daniel 6:23), just as the shutting mentioned there was by means of lions, so too the shutting mentioned here was by means of lions.

Full source
Bereshit Rabbah 31:9Bereshit Rabbah

It's fascinating to see how even the smallest details in the Torah, when unpacked by our Sages, can offer such profound insights. to Bereshit Rabbah 31, a section of the ancient Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) that explores the building of Noah’s Ark. Specifically, What does it mean that the ark had kinim? The Rabbis explain that these were rooms, dwelling quarters within the ark.

Rabbi Yitzḥak makes a beautiful connection: "Just as a nest of birds [ken] purifies the leper, so, too, your ark purifies you." Now, the term ken refers to a pair of birds, specifically the two birds used in the purification ritual for a leper, as described in (Leviticus 14:22). So, what's the link? Rabbi Yitzchak suggests that the effort, the toil, the investment you put into building this ark, whether it's Noah's literal ark or something symbolic in your own life, that very act is what purifies you of your sins. The dedication is what matters.

Isn't that a powerful idea? That the process of building, of creating something meant for protection and preservation, in itself holds the key to our own purification?

The text then moves on to another crucial detail: "You shall coat it within and without with pitch." Now, the Rabbis draw a parallel to another story, the story of Moses. Remember when Moses’ mother placed him in a basket in the Nile? (Exodus 2:3) tells us, "She coated it with clay and with pitch."

Why the difference? Why pitch inside and out for the Ark, but clay and pitch for Moses’ basket? The Rabbis explain that it's all about the strength of the water. The water current in the Nile, where Moses was placed, was weak. It didn't require such a robust double layer of pitch. So, Moses' mother used clay on the inside to block the odor of the pitch, because, let's face it, pitch probably didn't smell too pleasant! And then she used pitch on the outside to block the water.

This detail highlights a practical understanding of the materials and their properties, but it also hints at the different levels of protection required in different situations. The Ark was facing a catastrophic flood, so it needed the strongest possible defense: pitch inside and out. Moses' basket faced a gentler current, so a more nuanced approach was sufficient.

What does this all mean for us? Perhaps it's a reminder that the effort we put into building our own "arks," our own systems of protection and resilience, is not just about the end result. It's about the process itself. It’s about the purification that comes from dedicating ourselves to a task, and about choosing the right tools and methods for the specific challenges we face.

So, the next time you find yourself building something, whether it's a career, a relationship, or simply a stronger sense of self, remember Noah's Ark. Remember the layers of pitch, the compartments within, and the idea that the very act of building can purify and protect us, just as it protected Noah and his family from the flood.

Full source