5 min read

The Ten Tribes Feasted While the Exile Was Already Sealed

Each chief drank wine from his own hills until dawn. They ranked Samson over Goliath. Samaria still had its walls.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Each Tribe Kept Its Own Cellar
  2. Noah Finished the Pattern in a Day
  3. Hoshea Sent Word to Egypt
  4. A Day That Does Not Come Back

Midnight, and the vats were not empty. Each tribal chief drank only what his own hills had pressed. No shared cup. No borrowed vintage. The feast had already eaten the dark and started on the dawn.

The Ten Tribes Feasted While the Exile Was Already Sealed Click for full size

Amos stood outside the door long enough to hear the toast. He had come north in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash, when the land was fat and the ivory beds were not a rumor. They called themselves the foremost of the nations. He called them men who had stopped being afraid of losing that name (Amos 6:1).

Each Tribe Kept Its Own Cellar

When a chief wanted his own wine, he did not send to his neighbor. He took his flock with him to his own store, so the meat on the table would be his fat lambs and the drink would be his press. Bowls, not cups. Oil that made the skin shine. They feasted until one jar failed, and by then another was being opened.

Amos named the ease out loud and got no answer that counted. The men inside ranked themselves against the world and liked the score. Who was strongest among the nations? Goliath, six cubits and a span. Who was strongest in Israel? Samson, who tore a lion with his hands and killed a thousand with a jawbone. Samson was greater. Who was richest? The nations named their emperors. Israel named Solomon, who made silver in Jerusalem as common as stone. Solomon was greater.

The game had a rhythm. Israel won every round. Pride at least knows it can fall. This was ease, the settled certainty of people who had compared themselves to every other nation and found themselves taller, and had begun to act as if height were a law.

Noah Finished the Pattern in a Day

Long before those cellars, Noah stepped off the ark with grape pits in his hand. He planted. The same day the vine flowered. The same day it fruited. The same day he pressed and drank and was uncovered in the tent. He did not choose the shame. The wine chose it for him, and the uncovering, the word that sounds like exile, went out from that tent into later generations.

The northern tribes drank as if they had never heard that story. Judah and Benjamin would later stumble on wine as well. The pattern was older than Abraham. A man plants, a man drinks, a man is stripped, and a people learns the same motion with better cups.

Amos kept talking. They kept pouring. "Therefore they shall go into exile at the head of the exiles," he said, and the bowls still rang when they set them down.

Hoshea Sent Word to Egypt

Hoshea, last king in Samaria, tried a different kind of cup. He sent privately to So, king of Egypt, asking for help against Assyria. Shalmaneser heard it and came down angry. He arrived in Hoshea's seventh year. The city would not open. He sat against it three years.

The exile was already sealed, and the cellars could not outlast a siege. Fat lambs thin. Oil runs out. Ivory is a poor wall. In the ninth year of Hoshea, and the seventh of Hezekiah in Jerusalem, the government of the Israelites was demolished. Hoshea was taken alive. The people were lifted out of their land and set down in Media and Persia. Other nations from Cuthah were poured into the empty houses, into the same streets where the tribal toasts had gone on until dawn.

Nine hundred and forty-seven years after the Exodus. Eight hundred years after Joshua led them in. Two hundred and forty years, seven months, and seven days after they broke from Rehoboam, grandson of David, and gave the crown to Jeroboam. Then they were gone.

A Day That Does Not Come Back

Later, in a house of study far from those cellars, the argument was not about wine. It was about whether the ten tribes would ever walk home.

Rabbi Akiva said they would not. Scripture says they were thrown into another land "as this day." A day goes and does not return. So they go and do not return.

Rabbi Eliezer refused that closed door. A day darkens and then it lights. So the tribes, for whom it had gone dark, would yet have light. He did not say when. He said the shape of a day is not only its going.

Rabbi said they come to the World to Come, because a great shofar would be blown and the lost would hear it. Other voices split the difference. If their deeds stay as they were on the day they left, they do not return. If the deeds change, the road opens.

Samaria did not hear that argument. Samaria had new tenants and old vats, some of them still stained. The men who had ranked Samson over Goliath were beyond the mountains, and the feast that had lasted until dawn had become the last thing their houses remembered of them.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

5 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Shmini 8:1Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Shmini

Translation of the source text.Midrash Tanchuma (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

And so you find that the ten tribes went into exile only because of wine. See what it says (Amos 6:1): "Woe to those who are at ease in Zion", for they were dwelling in palaces of luxury in tranquility; "and to those who are confident in the mountain of Samaria" (ibid.), for they were dwelling securely [in Sebaste]; "the notables of the foremost of the nations, to whom the House of Israel comes" (Amos 6:1). How so? The nations of the world would sit [and converse] and say: Who is mighty in Israel? And they would say: Samson. And they would say again: Who is mighty among the nations? And they would say: Goliath, of whom it is written, "His height was six cubits and a span" (1 Samuel 17:4). And these [agreed with one another] and said: Samson is the mightiest in Israel, hence "the notables of the foremost of the nations." And they would say again: Who is wealthy among the nations of the world? And they would say: [Hadrian]. And who is wealthy in Israel? And they would say: Solomon, of whom it is written, "And the king made silver [as common in Jerusalem as stones]" (1 Kings 10:27). Come and see: each and every tribe had its own festival-place. When one sought to go to his festival-place, he would take his flock with him, so that he might eat fattened animals from his sheep, as it is said, "and they eat lambs from the flock, etc. [who drink from bowls of wine]" (Amos 6:4, 6). What was their end? "Therefore now they shall go into exile at the head of the exiles" (ibid. 6:7). Why? Because they were avid after wine. Therefore he warns Aaron, "Drink no wine or strong drink" (Leviticus 10:9).

Full source
Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 61:10Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Translation of the source text.Torat Emet (Yalkut Shimoni) · CC-BY-NC

"And he drank of the wine" (Genesis 9:21). He drank without measure and was disgraced. On the same day he planted, on the same day he drank, on the same day he was disgraced. "And he was uncovered within his tent." It is not written "and he uncovered," but "and he was uncovered": he caused exile to himself and to the generations. The ten tribes went into exile only on account of wine, as it is written, "Woe to those who rise early in the morning to pursue strong drink, who tarry late into the evening till wine inflames them" (Isaiah 5:11). The tribes of Judah and Benjamin went into exile only on account of wine, as it is said, "These also reel with wine and stagger with strong drink" (Isaiah 28:7). "Within his tent" is written defectively: within the tent of his wife. When Noah went out of the ark, the lion struck him and maimed him; and when he came to lie with his wife, his seed was scattered.

Never be greedy after wine, for in the whole passage of the wine there are written fourteen vavs: "and he began," "and he planted," "and he drank," "and he became drunk," "and he was uncovered," "and he saw," "and he approached," "and he took," "and they placed," "and they went," "and they covered," "and he awoke," "and he knew," "and he said." "And Ham the father of Canaan saw." He said to them and told them, saying, "The first man had two sons, and one rose and killed his fellow; and this one has three, and he seeks to make a fourth." What is the reason a slave goes free for a tooth and an eye? From here: "and he saw and told." "And Shem and Japheth took the garment." Shem began the commandment and Japheth came and obeyed him; therefore Shem merited a prayer-shawl and Japheth a cloak.

From the implication of what is said, "and they went backward," do I not know that they did not see their father's nakedness? Rather, it teaches that they put their hands over their faces and walked backward and treated him with honor, as the reverence of a father upon a son. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Shem, "You covered your father's nakedness; by your life, I shall repay it to your sons," as it is said, "Then these men were bound in their cloaks" (Daniel 3:21). The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Japheth, "You covered your father's nakedness; by your life, I shall repay you," as it is said, "And it shall come to pass on that day that I will give to Gog a place there for burial" (Ezekiel 39:11). The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Ham, "You disgraced your father's nakedness; by your life, I shall repay you," as it is said, "So shall the king of Assyria lead away the captives of Egypt and the exiles of Cush, young and old, naked and barefoot, with buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt." Rav Yehuda said: it is forbidden to recite the Shema before a naked Cushite. This is obvious; one might have thought that since it is written of them, "whose flesh is the flesh of donkeys," I would say he is a mere donkey, so it teaches that regarding nakedness they too are called nakedness, as it is said, "and they did not see their father's nakedness."

Full source
Antiquities IX.14Antiquities of the Jews (Josephus)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Antiquities of the Jews, trans. William Whiston · Public Domain

Nine hundred and forty-seven years after the Exodus from Egypt, the northern kingdom of Israel ceased to exist. Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, discovered that Hoshea, the last king of Israel, had been secretly negotiating with Egypt for military support. The Assyrian response was total war.

Shalmaneser besieged Samaria for three years. When it finally fell in the ninth year of Hoshea's reign, the punishment was not mere conquest. It was erasure. The Assyrians demolished the government of Israel entirely, took Hoshea alive, and deported the entire population into Media and Persia. Ten tribes, gone. Eight hundred years after Joshua led them into the land, two hundred and forty years after they split from the House of David under Jeroboam, they vanished from their homeland.

Josephus is blunt about the cause: they transgressed the laws, ignored the prophets who warned them, and refused to stop. The rot began with the original rebellion against Rehoboam, grandson of David, when the northern tribes chose Jeroboam as king. His sins set the template. Every king after him followed it.

Into the emptied land, the Assyrians transplanted foreigners from Cuthah, a region in Persia with a river of the same name. These five nations each brought their own gods, and a plague struck them immediately. When they consulted an oracle and learned they needed to worship the God of the land, they sent to the Assyrian king for Israelite priests. The priests taught them the Torah and proper worship. The plague stopped. These settlers became the Kutim (כותים), known in Greek as the Samaritans. Josephus notes their opportunism with acid precision: when the Jews prospered, the Samaritans claimed kinship through Joseph. When the Jews suffered, the Samaritans denied any connection at all.

Full source
Sanhedrin 110bTalmud Bavli, Sanhedrin

Translation of the source text.William Davidson Edition - Vocalized Aramaic · CC-BY-NC

MISHNAH: The ten tribes are not destined to return, as it is said: "And He cast them into another land, as it is this day" (Deuteronomy 29:27). Just as the day goes and does not return, so too they go and do not return; these are the words of Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Eliezer says: "As it is this day" -- just as the day grows dark and then grows light, so too the ten tribes, for whom it is dark, so it is destined to grow light for them.

GEMARA: Our Rabbis taught: The ten tribes have no share in the world to come, as it is said: "And the LORD uprooted them from off their land in anger, and in wrath, and in great fury" (Deuteronomy 29:27). "And the LORD uprooted them from off their land" -- in this world; "And He cast them into another land" -- to the world to come; these are the words of Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Shimon ben Yehuda of the village of Akko says in the name of Rabbi Shimon: If their deeds are "as it is this day," they do not return, but if not, they return.

Rabbi says: They are coming to the world to come, as it is said: "On that day a great shofar shall be sounded," etc. (Isaiah 27:13). Rabba bar bar Hana said that Rabbi Yochanan said: Rabbi Akiva abandoned his piety, as it is said: "Go and proclaim these words toward the north, and say: Return, faithless Israel, says the LORD; I will not cause My face to fall upon you, for I am merciful, says the LORD; I will not bear a grudge forever" (Jeremiah 3:12).

Full source
Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Noach 20:7Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Noach

Translation of the source text.Midrash Tanchuma (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"And he planted a vineyard" (Genesis 9:20). From where did he have it? Rather, from the grape-pits that he had brought in with him into the ark he took and sowed, as it is said, "And he planted a vineyard," etc.

And after it, what is written? "And he drank of the wine" (Genesis 9:21).

Rabbi Hiyya bar Abba said: On the very day that he planted it, on that very day it blossomed; on that very day it produced fruit; on that very day he plucked it, harvested it, trod it, and drank, as it is said, "And he drank of the wine and became drunk, and he uncovered himself within his tent" (Genesis 9:21). It is written oholah ("her tent").

Rabbi Judah son of Rabbi Simon said in the name of Rabbi Hanina in the name of Rabbi Samuel bar Isaac: It decreed exile for the ten tribes, as it is said, "Samaria is Oholah" (Ezekiel 23:4).

Full source