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The Two Daughters of the Leech Guard Gehinnom

At the gates of Gehinnom, two angel bands call out a single word forever, and beyond them lie seven named compartments of fire, scorpions, and venom.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Come
  2. The Three Gates and Five Kinds of Fire
  3. The Seven Named Compartments
  4. The Messiah at the Gate of Fire

Come

At the gate of Gehinnom, two bands of angels stand and say one word. They have always said it. They will say it until the world is repaired. The word is: "Come."

Not shouted in anger. Not whispered in grief. Called like an instruction to someone who has arrived where they were always going. The Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a twelfth-century Hebrew compilation, records that Rabbi Eliezer read this detail from a verse in Proverbs about the two daughters of the leech, who cry Give, give (Proverbs 30:15). The daughters of the leech never stop calling. Neither do the angel bands at Gehinnom's gate.

The name Gehinnom itself, Rabbi Eliezer explained, means Valley of Wailing. The sound of its screaming is said to travel from one end of the world to the other.

The Three Gates and Five Kinds of Fire

Gehinnom has three entrances. One opens at the sea. One opens in the wilderness. One opens in Jerusalem. Of these, the gate in Jerusalem is the most significant, because it opens on the Valley of Hinnom where the old abominations were practiced in the time before the prophets stopped them. The geography of judgment is not separate from the geography of history. It is embedded in it.

The fire inside Gehinnom is not one thing. The Chronicles of Jerahmeel distinguishes five kinds. There is fire that eats but does not drink. Fire that drinks but does not eat. Fire that eats and drinks both. Fire that neither eats nor drinks. And fire that eats the fire around it. This last category, fire that consumes fire, is the one reserved for the most severe cases. The ordinary fires of the world are not equivalent to it.

The Angel of Death who delivers souls to this place is covered in eyes. Every eye watches. None of them close. At the moment of death, three angels appear: the Angel of Death, a scribe, and a third assigned to accompany them. They say, "Arise, your end has come." The dying person protests. A person always protests. The Angel of Death shows the sword. The protest ends.

The Seven Named Compartments

Below the surface lie seven compartments, each named, each deeper than the last. Their names are Sheol, Abaddon, Dumah, She'ol Tachtit, and others rendered in darkness. Every compartment contains seven thousand crevices. Every crevice contains seven thousand scorpions. Every scorpion contains three hundred cavities. Every cavity holds seven thousand pouches of venom, each pouring six rivers of deadly poison. When a person touches this venom the body bursts apart. The angels of destruction collect the scattered pieces, reassemble the body, and the process resumes.

Rabbi Joshua ben Levi wanted to see this. He had already talked his way through the Angel of Death and entered Gan Eden. He pressed further and asked to visit Gehinnom. The Messiah refused his request. "It is not fitting for the righteous to see it," the Messiah said. There are no righteous people in Gehinnom. Rabbi Joshua pressed until the angel Qipod agreed to escort him. What he found at the entrance to the seven chambers was the Messiah himself, sitting at Gehinnom's gate and weeping over the people inside.

The Messiah at the Gate of Fire

He was not inside. He sat at the edge, at the gate, and listened to the wailing that gave the place its name. Rabbi Joshua tried to report on this visit later and could not find words that matched what he had seen. The geography of Jewish afterlife in these texts is not a simple moral diagram with good people going up and bad people going down. It is a place where the Messiah weeps at the gate and where the screaming can be heard across the world.

All the while, the two angel bands at the outermost gate continue saying Come. They will not stop. The daughters of the leech never filled up and stopped asking. Neither will the gate.


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The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Chronicles of Jerahmeel XIVChronicles of Jerahmeel (Gaster, 1899)

Two bands of angels stand at the gates of Gehinnom (גהינום) and call out one word: "Come! Come!" According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle compiled by Jerahmeel ben Solomon, Rabbi Eliezer explained that these angels are the "two daughters of the leech" mentioned in (Proverbs 30:15). The name Gehinnom itself means "Valley of Wailing" because the sound of its screaming traverses the entire world from end to end.

Gehinnom has three gates. One gate opens at the sea, referenced by Jonah when he cried from the belly of Sheol. One gate opens in the wilderness, alluded to when Korah and his followers went down alive into the earth (Numbers 16:33). The third gate stands in Jerusalem itself, as Isaiah wrote: "The Lord, whose fire is in Zion and His furnace in Jerusalem" (Isaiah 31:9).

Five different kinds of fire burn there. One devours and absorbs. Another absorbs but does not devour. A third neither devours nor absorbs. And there is fire that devours other fire. The coals are the size of mountains. Rivers of pitch and sulphur flow and seethe.

The angels of destruction seize the sinner and hurl them toward the flame. Gehinnom opens its mouth wide and swallows them whole. But this fate only befalls someone who has not performed even a single act of mercy that might tip the scales. The person who has studied Torah and endured suffering is saved, as David wrote: "Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for You are with me. Your rod and Your staff comfort me" (Psalms 23:4). The rod is suffering. The staff is Torah.

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Chronicles of Jerahmeel XVIIChronicles of Jerahmeel (Gaster, 1899)

Every compartment of Gehinnom (the place of spiritual purification after death) contains 7,000 crevices. Every crevice contains 7,000 scorpions. Every scorpion has 300 cavities, and every cavity holds 7,000 pouches of venom, each pouring six rivers of deadly poison. According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle compiled by Jerahmeel ben Solomon, when a person touches this venom, their body bursts apart. The angels of destruction collect the scattered limbs, reassemble the body, revive it, and begin the punishment all over again.

The underworld has seven named levels, each measuring 300 years' journey in every direction. From the surface downward: Sheol. Beer Shahat (the Pit of Corruption). Tit-Hayaven (the Mire of Clay). Shaare Mavet (the Gates of Death). Abadon (Destruction). Shaare Salmavet (the Gates of the Shadow of Death). And Gehinnom itself. The total span of the underworld is 6,300 years' walking distance. The fire in each level is sixty times hotter than the level above it.

Sheol, the uppermost, consists of half fire and half ice. When sinners escape the flames, the ice tortures them. When they escape the ice, the fire burns them. The angels keep their souls locked inside their bodies so they cannot die.

Sinners spend twelve months in each level before being lowered to the next. When they finally reach the deepest point, the righteous see them and plead with God: "Have mercy. Let it be enough." But God replies, "It is not yet enough. They destroyed My Temple and sold My children as slaves." Those lowered into Arqa, the layer beneath the river of fire that flows from the heavenly throne, never ascend again.

Above Arqa lies the cosmic geography: Tehom, Tohu, Bohu, the sea, the waters, and finally the inhabited world with its mountains, valleys, law, and charity. At the time of final judgment, 6,000 angels surround each person and lead them to the scales. If guilt outweighs merit, the angels of terror pass the soul downward through successively worse angelic custodians until the Angel of Death hurls it into the depths. If merit outweighs guilt, the angels of peace pass it upward to the angels of mercy, who escort it into the Garden of Eden.

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Chronicles of Jerahmeel XXIChronicles of Jerahmeel (Gaster, 1899)

Rabbi Joshua ben Levi wanted to see Gehinnom (the place of spiritual purification after death). The Messiah refused. "It is not fitting for the righteous to see it," he said, "for there are no righteous people in hell." But Rabbi Joshua pressed the matter, and eventually the angel Qipod escorted him to the fiery gates. According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle translated by Moses Gaster in 1899, what he found was a system of seven compartments, each more terrible than the last.

The first compartment measured one mile in length and breadth, filled with open pits containing lions made of fire. Two brooks ran through it, when the wicked fell in, the fire-lions standing above cast them back into the flames. When the Messiah accompanied Rabbi Joshua to the gates, the wicked saw his light and rejoiced, crying, "This one will bring us out of this fire!"

The second compartment held nations of the world with Absalom presiding over them. The nations argued among themselves, "If we sinned because we rejected the Torah, what sin did you commit?" They challenged Absalom: "Your ancestors accepted the Torah. Why are you punished?" He answered simply: "Because I did not listen to my father." The punishing angel Qushiel struck the wicked with a rod of fire, cast them into flames, and burned them, seven times daily and three times nightly. But Absalom himself was spared each time, because he descended from those who declared at Sinai, "We shall do, and we shall hear."

This pattern repeated through all seven compartments. Korah in the third, Jeroboam in the fourth, Ahab in the fifth, Micah in the sixth, and Elisha ben Abuya in the seventh. Each Israelite sinner was rescued from the worst punishments by the merit of their ancestors' covenant at Sinai. The darkness filling these compartments was the primordial darkness that existed before creation. So thick that no soul could see another.

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Chronicles of Jerahmeel XIIChronicles of Jerahmeel (Gaster, 1899)

All of a person's sins are engraved on their bones. According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle compiled by Jerahmeel ben Solomon, Rabbi Isaac ben Parnach taught that iniquities are literally inscribed on the skeleton, while merits are written on the right hand.

At the moment of death, three angels arrive. The Angel of Death. A scribe. And a third angel assigned to accompany them. They say, "Arise, your end has come." The dying person protests: "My end has not yet arrived." The scribe begins counting the person's days and years. Then the person opens their eyes and sees the Angel of Death for the first time.

The description is terrifying. The angel stretches from one end of the world to the other. From the soles of his feet to the crown of his head, he is covered entirely in eyes. His clothing is fire. His covering is fire. He is surrounded by fire. He is fire. In his hand he carries a blade of flame, and from that blade hangs a single bitter drop. That drop causes death, then decomposition, then the livid pallor of the corpse.

Here is the paradox: no one dies until they have seen God. "No man shall see Me and live" (Exodus 33:20) means that in the act of dying, God becomes visible. The person then confesses everything they have done. Their own mouth bears witness. God writes it down.

If the person lived righteously, their soul is returned peacefully to its owner. Three companies of angels greet them. The first says, "A righteous one has perished from the earth." The second says, "Let them rest in peace upon their couches." The third says, "They walked the straight path." But if the person was wicked, five angels of destruction arrive and declare: "The wicked shall return to Sheol."

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Sefer ha-Zikhronot 21:1-11Sefer HaZichronot

Mashiach – the Messiah – is often remembered as a future figure, the one who will usher in an era of peace and redemption. But what about now? Where is he? What’s he doing?

The tale begins with Rabbi Joshua ben Levi, a figure already known for his… let’s call it "spirited" encounters. As we discussed in the story of his meeting with the Angel of Death, he's not easily intimidated. (See "Rabbi Joshua ben Levi and the Angel of Death," p. 206.) This time, Rabbi Joshua finds himself in Gan Eden, the Garden of Eden. Not content to just relax and enjoy the scenery, he decides to do some exploring. He makes his way through the nine palaces of paradise, each more wondrous than the last, until he arrives at a very special place: the palace of the Messiah.

In Sefer ha-Zikhronot, and Orhot Hayim, Rabbi Joshua recognizes the Messiah immediately by the sheer splendor of his aura. What does he find there? He sees the patriarchs and kings of old, visiting the Messiah every Sabbath and holy day, weeping because the time for his arrival has not yet come.

The scene: These great figures of our history, filled with yearning for a future they can only glimpse. Rabbi Joshua approaches the Messiah, who asks, "How are my children faring?" Rabbi Joshua responds, "Every day they await you." The Messiah, burdened by the suffering of his people, sighs deeply and weeps.

The Messiah then shows Rabbi Joshua all of Gan Eden, both the earthly and the heavenly parts, revealing profound mysteries. But Rabbi Joshua, ever the inquisitive one, has another request: He wants to see Gehenna – hell.

Now, this is where things get interesting. At first, the Messiah refuses. The righteous, after all, aren't meant to behold such a place. But Rabbi Joshua persists. He explains, as we learn in Aggadat Bereshit, that he wants to measure hell, to understand its dimensions. Perhaps he felt that if he could understand the place of punishment, he could better understand the path to redemption?

Intrigued, the Messiah finally agrees. Together, they journey to the fiery gates of Gehenna. The angels guarding the gates, recognizing the Messiah, immediately grant them entry. As they venture deeper, Rabbi Joshua witnesses the horrifying punishments inflicted upon the wicked. He sees avenging angels striking them with flaming rods, throwing them into fiery pits, hanging them by their tongues (presumably for speaking falsehoods) or by the very organs with which they committed adultery. It's a gruesome, vivid picture.

Rabbi Joshua attempts to measure the compartments of Gehenna, but discovers something profound: they are boundless. As Schwartz notes in Tree of Souls, Gehenna can contain any number of sinners. The suffering seems infinite.

But here’s the truly remarkable part, the glimmer of hope in this otherwise bleak landscape. Whenever the wicked in Gehenna see the light of the Messiah, they rejoice. They cry out, "There is the one who will bring us out of here!" Even in the depths of hell, the presence of the Messiah offers hope. This speaks to a powerful tradition: that one of the Messiah's roles, as we find in Ginzberg's Legends of the Jews, is to redeem those suffering in Gehenna, raising them to paradise. The Messiah described here is the celestial Messiah ben David, residing in his heavenly palace, awaiting the right moment to descend and usher in the Messianic Age.

What does this story tell us? It's not just a vivid description of heaven and hell. It's a reminder that even in the darkest corners, even in the places of greatest suffering, the hope for redemption remains. The Messiah, even before his arrival, is a source of light and comfort. And maybe, just maybe, our own anticipation and longing for a better world can help bring that day a little bit closer.

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Midrash Mishlei 30:4Midrash Mishlei

"The leech has two daughters: Give, Give" (Proverbs 30:15) - why "Give, Give" two times? Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai said: In time to come Gehinnom will cry out before the Holy One, blessed be He, and say, "Give me the wicked!" "The grave and the barren womb; the earth that is not satisfied with water, and the fire that never says, 'Enough'" (Proverbs 30:16) - the fire of Gehinnom never says "Enough," for it has no mercy upon the wicked.

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