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Zuleika Flattered Joseph and He Answered With the Grave

She praised his eyes in the Egyptian house. He told her they would look ghastly in the grave, and she came back the next morning anyway.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. She Came at Night With a Lie
  2. Every Compliment Met the Grave
  3. The Covered Idol and the Dish of Spells
  4. The Women Cut Their Hands
  5. The Iron on His Chin

Zuleika came to the Hebrew slave at night and called it a visit.

Zuleika Flattered Joseph and He Answered With the Grave Click for full size

He was seventeen. Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh and chief of the cooks, had bought him and set him over the whole house, because the blessing of God sat on every room the boy entered. She had no son then. She told him she wanted to adopt him. She put her arms around him as if that were a mother's work. He prayed for her, and she did bear a son. She did not stop coming.

She Came at Night With a Lie

The stars had told her she would have descendants through Joseph. She read the sky as a door into his bed. She did not know the children would come later, through her daughter Asenath, and not through her.

When he understood the trick, he went to his chamber and fasted. He begged God to pull him out of her hands. Fasting made his face brighter. Potiphar took the brightness for ease and luxury. Zuleika praised his chastity to her husband in the daylight, so no rumor would stick, and at night she told Joseph not to fear the man of the house. Potiphar would never believe a word against him.

He did not want what she was offering. She heard that as modesty. She came back.

Every Compliment Met the Grave

Day after day she found him and used flattery the way other people use a key. "How fair is thy appearance, how comely thy form. Never have I seen so well-favored a slave as thou art."

He did not mock her. He did not raise his eyes. "God, who formed me in my mother's womb, hath created all men," he said.

She praised his eyes. Beautiful as they are now, he told her, so ghastly will they be in the grave. She praised his hands. These hands return to dust. She praised the way he moved through her husband's rooms. He told her the body was on loan. What she admired would not last long enough to be worth the sin.

She heard a young man being humble. She did not hear a refusal. A stick thrown in the air falls back to the place it came from. That was Joseph. Every sentence she aimed at him came down where he already stood.

The Covered Idol and the Dish of Spells

When praise failed, she changed the tool. She asked him to teach her the word of God. "If it be thy wish that I forsake idol worship, then fulfil my desire, and I will persuade that Egyptian husband of mine to abjure the idols, and we shall walk in the law of thy God."

"The Lord desireth not that those who fear Him shall walk in impurity," Joseph said.

She threatened prison. She threatened death. She said she would murder the Egyptian and marry him according to the law. He tore his garment. "O woman, fear the Lord. I will proclaim thy purposes in public."

She sent him a dish prepared with spells. An angel stood in the room with a sword across the plate. Joseph saw it and would not taste. Later, to show her that malice has no hold on a man who fears God, he ate the food in front of her anyway, trusting the angel of Abraham. She fell at his feet and swore she was done. She was not done.

She took him into her chamber and covered the idol that hung above the bed, so it would not watch. "Though thou coverest up the eyes of the idol," Joseph said, "the eyes of the Lord run to and fro through the whole earth." Adam was driven from the garden for a light command. How much more, he said, if I take a married woman. He would not be Reuben.

The Women Cut Their Hands

The hunger made her sick. The women of Egypt came to the house and asked why she lay so thin. She set a feast. She put a knife beside every orange. Then she ordered Joseph in, dressed in costly clothes, to serve.

He came through the door. The women looked. They kept looking. The knives kept moving. Blood ran over the fruit, and not one of them felt the cut. Zuleika pointed at their hands. You see him for an hour, she said. I see him in every room. They told her to speak. She had already spoken for a year.

She seized him. He was stronger. He put her on the floor. She wept and named the honor she had given a slave. He still would not look at her the way she wanted.

The Iron on His Chin

A year of this, and he would not lift his gaze. In a last try she set an iron shackle on his chin and forced his face up, so he would have to see her.

He saw her. He did not take her. The face she kept praising was not a door into him. It was a face, and behind it stood a God he feared more than a mistress, more than a prison, more than a knife.

She had wanted to seduce a boy who ran a house. She had found a man who would answer beauty with a grave. The stick came down in the same place it had left. Joseph was still Joseph.


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From the tradition

Sources

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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Legends of the Jews, I. Joseph, Joseph And ZuleikaLegends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Project Gutenberg eBook #1494, The Legends of the Jews, Volume 2 · Public Domain

"Throw the stick up in the air," goes the saying, "it will always return to its original place." And perhaps that's how Zuleika, Potiphar's wife, felt about her growing desire for Joseph. According to Ginzberg's retelling in Legends of the Jews, Joseph, much like his mother Rachel, possessed a captivating beauty. And Zuleika? Well, she was consumed by an "invincible passion" for him.

Some even say that Zuleika's feelings were intensified by astrological predictions. The stars, it was said, foretold that she would have descendants through Joseph. Though, as we'll see, the prophecy unfolded in a way she never expected: Joseph later married her daughter Asenath, who bore him children.

Initially, Zuleika didn't reveal her feelings directly. Instead, she tried to use trickery. Under the guise of visiting him, she'd approach Joseph at night. And, because she had no sons of her own, she would pretend that she wanted to adopt him. Joseph, being the kind soul he was, even prayed to God on her behalf, and she eventually did bear a son. But even then, she continued to embrace Joseph, though he remained oblivious to her true intentions.

Eventually, Joseph recognized her "wanton trickery" and was deeply saddened. He tried to dissuade her from her sinful desires by speaking to her about God. But she, in turn, threatened him with death, even resorting to physical punishments to bend him to her will. When those tactics failed, she tried seduction. "I promise thee," she'd say, "thou shalt rule over me and all I have, if thou wilt but give thyself up to me… and thou shalt be to me the same as my lawful husband."

But Joseph wouldn't budge. Mindful of the teachings of his fathers, he retreated to his chamber to fast and pray, begging God to deliver him from the clutches of the Egyptian woman. Despite his self-denial, his master believed he was living a life of luxury, because, as the stories say, those who fast for the glory of God are made beautiful of countenance.

Zuleika, in a twisted game, would praise Joseph's chastity to her husband, ensuring he wouldn't suspect anything. And secretly, she'd encourage Joseph, telling him not to fear her husband, that Potiphar was convinced of his purity. She even claimed that if anyone tried to spread rumors about them, Potiphar wouldn't believe a word of it.

When she realized her words were having no effect, Zuleika changed tactics. She asked Joseph to teach her about the word of God. "If it be thy wish that I forsake idol worship," she pleaded, "then fulfil my desire, and I will persuade that Egyptian husband of mine to abjure the idols, and we shall walk in the law of thy God." Joseph's response was firm: "The Lord desireth not that those who fear Him shall walk in impurity, nor hath He pleasure in the adulterer."

On another occasion, she threatened, "If thou wilt not do my desire, I will murder the Egyptian and wed with thee according to the law!" Joseph, horrified, tore his garment and cried out, "O woman, fear the Lord, and do not execute this evil deed, that thou mayest not bring destruction down upon thyself, for I will proclaim thy impious purposes to all in public."

Even magic didn't work. She sent him a dish prepared with spells, hoping to ensnare him. But when the eunuch presented it, Joseph saw a vision of a man offering him a sword along with the dish. Warned, he refused to taste it. Later, when Zuleika questioned him, Joseph rebuked her, revealing that God had shown him her treachery through an angel. To prove that "the malice of the wicked has no power over those who fear God in purity," he ate the food before her eyes, trusting in the protection of God and the angel of Abraham.

Humiliated, Zuleika fell at Joseph's feet, promising to never repeat her sin. But her unholy passion persisted, and her distress made her visibly ill. When her husband noticed her decline, she feigned a pain in her heart.

In a moment of desperation, when alone with Joseph, she threatened suicide if he wouldn't yield to her. Joseph, attempting to calm her, warned that her rival, Asteho, would mistreat her children and erase her memory from the earth. But his words backfired, fueling her hope that he cared for her.

Day after day, Zuleika, whose name, according to some traditions, was indeed Zuleika, pursued him with flattery and amorous talk. "How fair is thy appearance, how comely thy form! Never have I seen so well-favored a slave as thou art." Joseph, unwavering, would reply, "God, who formed me in my mother's womb, hath created all men."

She'd compliment his eyes, his words, his hair, but Joseph remained steadfast, never even raising his gaze to meet hers. Gifts and threats were equally ineffective. He knew, "The Lord executeth judgment for the oppressed… The Lord giveth food to the hungry… The Lord looseth the prisoners… The Lord raiseth up them that are bowed down… The Lord openeth the eyes of the blind."

When she resorted to seductive behavior, he rejected her, proclaiming, "I fear my master." Zuleika, in a fit of passion, would retort, "I will kill him!" Joseph, appalled, exclaimed, "Not enough that thou wouldst make an adulterer of me, thou wouldst have me be a murderer, besides?" And then, he would declare, "I fear the Lord my God!"

Zuleika, unable to grasp his devotion, dismissed his fear of God. But Joseph countered, "Great is the Lord and highly to be praised, and His greatness is unsearchable." One time, she even took him into her chamber and covered the idol hanging above the bed, so it wouldn't witness their actions. Joseph responded, "Though thou coverest up the eyes of the idol, remember, the eyes of the Lord run to and fro through the whole earth."

He continued, "Adam was banished from Paradise on account of violating a light command; how much more should I have to fear the punishment of God, were I to commit so grave a sin as adultery! The Lord is in the habit of choosing a favorite member of our family as a sacrifice unto Himself… Also the Lord is in the habit of appearing suddenly, in visions of the night, unto those that love Him… Were I to fulfil thy desire, I would share the fate of my brother Reuben."

With these words, Joseph sought to cure Zuleika of her lust, not out of fear of punishment or public opinion, but because he desired to sanctify the Name of God before the entire world.

Finally, when she declared her desires in unmistakable terms, Joseph recoiled. "Why dost thou refuse to fulfil my wish? Am I not a married woman? None will find out what thou hast done." Joseph replied, "If the unmarried women of the heathen are prohibited unto us, how much more their married women? As the Lord liveth, I will not commit the crime thou biddest me do." This, it is said, was an example of pious men uttering an oath when tempted, seeking moral courage to control their instincts.

When persuasion failed, Zuleika's desire plunged her into a deep sickness. The women of Egypt came to visit, questioning her languid state. Zuleika devised a plan. She prepared a feast, placing knives at each setting to peel oranges. Then, she ordered Joseph to appear, adorned in costly garments, and serve her guests.

As Joseph entered, the women were captivated by his beauty. They became so entranced that they cut their hands with the knives, and the oranges in their hands were covered with blood, yet they were oblivious. Zuleika then revealed the reason for her suffering, explaining how she constantly saw Joseph and could not control her feelings.

The women, now understanding, suggested she simply reveal her feelings to Joseph. But Zuleika explained that she had tried everything, promising him everything, yet he remained unmoved.

Her sickness worsened. While her husband remained oblivious, Zuleika's female friends, aware of her love for Joseph, continued to encourage her to entice him. One day, she seized Joseph, but he was stronger and pushed her to the ground. Weeping and pleading, Zuleika begged him to consider the honor she had bestowed upon him and to end her suffering.

But Joseph remained steadfast. Zuleika, undeterred, persisted for an entire year, but Joseph, in his chastity, refused to even look at her. In a final act of desperation, she placed an iron shackle on his chin, forcing him to look her in the face.

What does this story tell us about temptation, resilience, and the unwavering commitment to one's beliefs? Joseph's journey is evidence of the power of faith and the strength of character in the face of overwhelming odds. It's a reminder that even when the world tries to pull us in different directions, we have the capacity to choose our own path, guided by our principles and our connection to something greater than ourselves.

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Book of Jubilees 39:3Book of Jubilees

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria Community Translation · CC-BY

Our story picks up with Joseph, a mere seventeen years old, ripped from his family and sold into slavery in Egypt. The Book of Jubilees, a fascinating text that expands on the biblical narrative, tells us that he was bought by Potiphar, described as “an eunuch of Pharaoh, the chief cook.”

Potiphar’s title is interesting. Some traditions, drawing on the Hebrew term saris, interpret "eunuch" more broadly, perhaps meaning an officer or courtier, rather than strictly someone who is castrated. Either way, Potiphar isn't just anyone. He's got connections.

Immediately, things start looking up for Joseph. Why? Because, according to Jubilees, "he set Joseph over all his house." Joseph, a slave, now managing the entire household of a high-ranking Egyptian official. How did that happen?

Well plainly: "the blessing of the Lord came upon the house of the Egyptian on account of Joseph." Everything Potiphar touched turned to gold, all because Joseph was there. "The Lord prospered him in all that he did," Jubilees emphasizes.

It's evidence of Joseph's character. His integrity, his work ethic – whatever it was, it was obvious. Potiphar saw it. He "saw that the Lord was with him, and that the Lord prospered him in all that he did." He entrusted everything to Joseph. Talk about trust!

And then there’s this little detail slipped in almost casually: "And Joseph's appearance was comely and very beautiful was his appearance." It's a reminder that Joseph possessed not only inner qualities but striking outward beauty. This detail becomes rather important later in the story, as you might recall.

So, what are we left with? A young man in a foreign land, facing impossible odds, yet blessed with success and favor. What qualities did Joseph possess that allowed him to rise above his circumstances? Was it solely divine favor, or was there something more? And how can we

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