Parshat Shemot

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The Israelites' enslavement in Egypt, the birth of Moses, Moses at the burning bush, and God's call to liberate His people. Exodus 1:1-6:1.

Until the Shadows Flee and the Kingdoms Crumble

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 17:1

The verse in question is (Song of Songs 2:17): "Until the day is great and the shadows flee, turn, my beloved, and be like a gazelle or a fawn on the cleft mountains.” Now, on the ...

CreationHell/GehennaNoah & FloodPatriarchs

When Leaders Die the Flow of Divine Blessing Stops

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 5:2

The ancient rabbis certainly did. In Shir HaShirim Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Song of Songs, we find a powerful, poignant lesson woven into the seeming...

JosephMosesKing DavidMiracles

“He severed in his enflamed wrath all the horn of Israel

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:6

“He severed in his enflamed wrath all the horn of Israel; He retracted His right hand from before the enemy. He burned in Jacob like flaming fire, consuming all around” (Lamentatio...

TorahRedemptionPatriarchsMoses

“May You pursue them in wrath and destroy them from under

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:23

“May You pursue them in wrath and destroy them from under the heavens of the Lord” (Lamentations 3:66).“May You pursue them in wrath and destroy them” – Jeremiah said: “May you pur...

TorahMosesProphecyDivine justice

“There was a Judean man in the Shushan citadel, and his

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 6:2

“There was a Judean man in the Shushan citadel, and his name was Mordekhai, son of Ya'ir, son of Shimi, son of Kish, a Benjamite” (Esther 2:5).“There was a Judean man [ish] in the ...

TorahPatriarchsMosesDivine justice

It is written — “And set it in the ears of Joshua” (Exodus

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 6:6

It is written: “And set it in the ears of Joshua” (Exodus 17:14), this is one of four righteous people to whom a portent was given; two sensed it and two did not sense it. A porten...

PatriarchsMosesDivine justiceCovenant

The Quarrel Of The Sea And The Earth

Midrash Tanchuma Tanchuma, Beshalach 10

It’s a question that surfaces, quite literally, when we read the story of the Exodus. We know Pharaoh's army drowned in the Red Sea. As it says in (Exodus 15:1), "Horse and driver ...

CreationAngelsMessiahMoses

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 11

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 11

2:16). Was it proper for this righteous man to go to the home of an idolater? After all, since the Holy one, blessed be He, detests idolatry, why did he permit Moses to go to a pla...

MosesIdolatryEgyptWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 16

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 16

And Moses went and returned to Jethro, his father-in-law (Exod. 4:18). Scripture says elsewhere in reference to this verse: A friend loveth at all times, and a brother is born for ...

MosesEgyptWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 23

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 23

And Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them upon an ass (Exod. 4:20). The singular form ass is employed here, as when a man says: “Lead out the animal” (though he may have m...

MosesAdam & EveHumorEgypt

Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 2

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 2

Therefore, say unto the children of Israel: “I am the Lord, and I will bring you out” (Exod. 6:6). The word therefore implies that an oath was involved, as it is said: Therefore I ...

CovenantMosesEgyptKings

Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 6

And they said: “The God of the Hebrews hath met with us” (Exod. 5:3). Moses and Aaron declared: Perhaps You will say we altered Your words when we told him: “Thus said the Lord, th...

MosesEgyptHumorTribes

Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 10

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 10

See, I have set thee in God’s stead to Pharaoh, and Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet (Exod. 7:1). Just as the lecturer sits and lectures, and the interpreter explains his wor...

MosesEgyptPlaguesMiracles

Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 19

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 19

And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down (Exod. 32:1). The word boshesh (“delayed”) indicates that it was the sixth hour of the day. Forty thousand people had assemb...

MosesEgyptYetzer Hara (Evil Inclination)

Midrash Tanchuma, Achrei Mot 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Achrei Mot 8

(Lev. 16:1:) “Now the Lord spoke unto Moses after the death [of Aaron's two sons].” This is what Elihu said (to Job 37:1), “At this also my heart trembles and leaps.” Elihu was obs...

MosesJobPriesthoodPrayer

shall you take" — What is the intent of this

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 4:5

"shall you take": What is the intent of this? (i.e., it seems redundant.) It is written (Devarim 16:2) "And you shall slaughter the Pesach (Passover) for the L–rd your G–d, sheep a...

MosesEgyptPassoverHolidays

Yonathan says — sheep for the Pesach and cattle for the chagigah

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 4:6

R. Yonathan says: sheep for the Pesach (Passover) and cattle for the chagigah. You say this, but perhaps (the meaning is) both for the Pesach? And how would I understand (Exodus 12...

MosesEgyptPassoverHolidays

It is, therefore, written (Devarim 16 — 6) "There shall you

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 5:21

The Mekhilta uncovers a contradiction in the Torah's timeline that forces a radical rethinking of when the Passover sacrifice actually happened. Deuteronomy commands, "There shall ...

MosesEgyptKabbalahExodus

(Exodus 12 — 47) "The entire congregation of Israel shall

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 15:18

The Torah commands: "The entire congregation of Israel shall offer it" (Exodus 12:47). The Mekhilta asks why this verse is necessary at all, given that the Torah already instructed...

MosesHoly LandEgyptPassover

The Year Israel Left Egypt the Calendar Did Not Need an Extra Month

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 16:41

"This day you go out in the month of Aviv" (Exodus 13:3) — a verse that seems to state the obvious. Of course Israel left in the month of Aviv (spring). The Torah already told us t...

MosesHoly LandTimeEgypt

(Exodus 14 — 20) "And one did not come near another the

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayehi Beshalach 5:6

(Exodus 14:20) "And one did not come near another the entire night": Scripture hereby apprises us that a standing Egyptian could not sit down, and a sitting one could not stand up....

MosesHoly LandEgyptExodus

(Exodus 15 — 26) "And He said — If pay heed, you shall pay

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 1:21

(Exodus 15:26) "And He said: If pay heed, you shall pay heed": From here it was derived: If a man paid heed to one mitzvah, he is caused to pay heed to many mitzvot (commandments)h...

TorahMosesCommandmentsEgypt

Variantly — "on the fifteenth day of the second month" — Why - Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 2 — 5

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 2:5

Variantly: "on the fifteenth day of the second month": Why is the day mentioned? To know on which day the manna descended for Israel. Israel ate from the wafer that they took out o...

MosesHoly LandEgyptKabbalah

(Exodus 19 — 1) "On this day they came to the desert of

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 1:10

The Torah records the arrival at Sinai with a precise phrase (Exodus 19:1): "On this day they came to the desert of Sinai." The Mekhilta de-Rabbi Ishmael identifies the exact date ...

TorahMosesEgyptExodus

(Exodus 19 — 18) "And the whole of Mount Sinai smoked" — I

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 4:1

(Exodus 19:18) "And the whole of Mount Sinai smoked": I might think the place of the divine Presence alone; it is, therefore, written "the whole." "for the L–rd had come down upon ...

TorahMosesSinaiEgypt

(Exodus 22 — 20) "And a stranger you shall not afflict and

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Nezikin 18:1

(Exodus 22:20) commands: "And a stranger you shall not afflict and you shall not oppress him." The Mekhilta identifies two distinct prohibitions within this verse. "You shall not a...

MosesCommandmentsEgyptConversion

The Passover Night in the Aramaic Torah

Midrash Aggadah Targum Onkelos, Exodus 12

The Hebrew Bible says God will "pass through" Egypt on the night of the Passover (Exodus 12:12). Targum Onkelos changes this to God will "become revealed in" Egypt. God does not tr...

MosesExodusEgyptPassover

The Ten Commandments in Aramaic Translation

Midrash Aggadah Targum Onkelos, Exodus 20

"I am God, your Lord, Who brought you out of the land of Egypt" (Exodus 20:2). Targum Onkelos translates the Ten Commandments with almost no deviation from the Hebrew—a remarkable ...

MosesTorahCommandmentsEgypt

The Flight

Ginzberg Vol. 2

According to Legends of the Jews, as retold by Ginzberg, an angel whisked Moses away – not just across the border, mind you, but forty days' journey away! That’s a serious relocati...

AngelsHeavenMosesAdam & Eve

The Faithful Shepherd

Ginzberg Vol. 2

The Jewish tradition offers a fascinating answer, one beautifully illustrated in the story of Moses, the great lawgiver. Before he led the Israelites out of Egypt, before the burni...

CreationTorahPatriarchsMoses

Phinehas and the Patriarchs

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 6:68

We find the story in Numbers 25, where Phinehas takes decisive action to stop a plague ravaging the Israelites. But as much as God approved of his act, not everyone was thrilled. A...

PatriarchsJosephMosesTemple

And whence is it derived that the honor due one's friend is

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 1:13

The Mekhilta poses a question about the hierarchy of respect: how much honor should a person show to a friend? The answer comes from one of the most revealing moments between Moses...

MosesPrayerLovePriesthood

The Fiery Waves

Talmud Aggadah Bava Batra 73a

Jewish tradition understands that feeling, and even gives it a name: fiery waves. These aren't just any ordinary ocean waves, mind you. These are the ones, we're told in the Talmud...

MosesAdam & EveHoly Land

An Ark In The Bulrushes

Midrash Aggadah Exodus 1:23, 2:1-10

The story of Moses begins with an act of unimaginable cruelty. Pharaoh, fearing the growing number of Israelites, issued a horrifying decree: "Every boy that is born you shall thro...

MosesAdam & EveNoah & FloodWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayigash 7

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayigash 7

And Joseph made ready his chariot (Gen. 46:29). R. Yudan said in the name of R. Aibu: Two men were accorded more homage than any other men in all the world; they were Jethro and Ja...

MerkavahJosephMosesHumor

Pharaoh and the Ark

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 48:12

It's easy to think of him as simply a messenger, a conduit for God's will. But the Book of Jubilees, a fascinating text from around the 2nd century BCE, paints a picture of Moses t...

Noah & FloodPatriarchsJosephTorah

Moses and Divine Judgment of Egypt

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 48:19

We all know the broad strokes: slavery in Egypt, Moses leading his people to freedom, the parting of the Red Sea. But sometimes, the details get lost in the grandeur. The Book of J...

Hell/GehennaJosephHoly LandEgypt

Kings of Edom Rise and Fall During Moses' Reign

Book of Jasher Jasher 74

Today, we're diving into a fascinating chapter from the Book of Jasher, a non-canonical Jewish text that elaborates on stories from the Hebrew Bible. Specifically, we're looking at...

MosesTempleMessiahEnd Times

Moses Takes a Census After the Plague in the Desert

Book of Jasher Jasher 86

Following the pestilence, God instructs Moses and Elazar, the son of Aaron the priest, to take a census. A head count of the entire Israelite community, specifically those twenty y...

MosesHoly LandSinai

God Dictates the Perfect Temple to Moses

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha 11QT 2:1-13:8

At nearly nine meters long, the Temple Scroll (Megillat HaMikdash, מגילת המקדש) is the longest of all the Dead Sea Scrolls. Found in Cave 11, it may date from the late 2nd century ...

TempleMosesTorahCreation

Nimrod, Bel, and the Origin of Idol Worship

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Chronicles of Jerahmeel XXXII

Nimrod was not merely a tyrant. He was the seed of the world's first false religion. According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle translated by Moses G...

FloodPatriarchsMosesExile

Why God Personally Attended the Burial of Moses

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Chronicles of Jerahmeel LI

Why did God Himself attend to the burial of Moses? Because of what Moses had done decades earlier in Egypt, when everyone else was busy loading up silver and gold for the exodus. W...

AngelsFloodPatriarchsMoses

God Destroyed Egypt's Idols Before Drowning Pharaoh

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Chronicles of Jerahmeel LIV

Before the tenth plague struck, God executed judgment on every idol in Egypt. Stone gods shattered into fragments. Wooden gods rotted to dust. Idols of silver, brass, iron, and lea...

AngelsMosesDeathHeaven

Amram the Doctor and the Sorcerer Who Foresaw Moses

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 2:261-263

Amram, Moses’s father, wasn't just any man. He was a skilled doctor, so renowned that he served Pharaoh himself! The text in Tree of Souls tells us of his wisdom, and of God's hand...

CreationHeavenTorahMoses

The First Pharaoh

Ginzberg Vol. 1

It's a tale of ambition, cunning, and a whole lot of grave-robbing... or, well, almost. Our story begins not in Egypt, but in the land of Shinar. There lived a man named Rakyon – m...

CreationTorahPatriarchsMoses

The Pious Midwives

Ginzberg Vol. 2

It's easy to focus on the big battles and powerful leaders, but sometimes the most profound changes come from the courage of ordinary people. Today, we're going to delve into one s...

HeavenHell/GehennaPatriarchsMoses

Moses Rescued By Gabriel

Ginzberg Vol. 2

To his right sits his queen, Alfar’anit. And to his left? His daughter, Bithiah, with a three-year-old Moses on her lap. Now, this isn’t just any toddler. In a moment of pure, unfi...

CreationAngelsHeavenPatriarchs

The Youth Of Moses

Ginzberg Vol. 2

It’s a story ripe with tension, a hero in the making, and a glimpse into the early acts that shaped one of the most pivotal figures in Jewish history. According to Legends of the J...

CreationAngelsHeavenTorah