Parshat Shoftim

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Laws of judges and officers, the king, the Levitical priests, true and false prophets, cities of refuge, and warfare. Deuteronomy 16:18-21:9.

Daniel — Abraham at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 44:19

one such verse, rich with meaning and implication. In (Genesis 15:14), God tells Abraham, "And also that nation that they will serve, I will judge, and after that they will go out ...

CreationPatriarchsJosephMoses

Abraham Welcomes Three Angels with Bread

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 48:11

We find an intriguing exploration of just that in Bereshit Rabbah 48, a section of the ancient midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)ic collection on the book of Genesis. It al...

CreationPatriarchsJosephMoses

Should a Father Sacrifice His Son for Redemption

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 55:5

The passage comes from Bereshit Rabbah 55, a treasure trove of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Genesis. It all starts with a verse from the prophet Micah (6:6): “With what ...

PatriarchsSoulRepentanceSacrifice

Marriage of Esau

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 65:1

to a fascinating passage from Bereshit Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations of the Book of Genesis. It tackles a seemingly simple verse: "Esau was forty years old, and ...

CreationPatriarchsMosesKing David

Leah — Laban at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 70:15

We often think of the big players – kings, prophets, warriors – as isolated figures. But Jewish tradition reminds us that even the mightiest oak grows from the smallest acorn, and ...

CreationPatriarchsMatriarchsJoseph

God Remembered Rachel and Opened Her Womb

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 73:2

The story of Rachel in the book of Genesis speaks directly to that feeling, and offers a powerful message of hope. The Torah tells us simply, "God remembered Rachel" (Genesis 30:22...

CreationPatriarchsMatriarchsKing David

Simeon and Levi Acted Without Their Father's Counsel

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 80:10

Bereshit Rabbah, that beautiful collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Genesis, dives deep into this very verse (Genesis 34:25) about Simeon and Levi avenging their ...

CreationPatriarchsJosephMoses

The Patriarchs Who Served as God's Divine Chariot

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 82:6

Our ancestors did. (Genesis 35:13) tells us, "God ascended from upon him, in the place where He had spoken with him." It’s a simple sentence, but it opens a window into a profound ...

CreationHeavenPatriarchsMysticism

Potiphar Purchases Joseph From the Ishmaelites

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 86:1

It's like peeling an onion – each layer reveals something new, something unexpected. Take the verse from (Genesis 39:1): "Joseph was taken down to Egypt and Potiphar, the official ...

CreationHell/GehennaJosephMoses

Egypt — Joseph at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 86:2

That feeling isn't new. Our ancestors wrestled with it too. Let’s delve into a fascinating passage from Bereshit Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations of the Book of Gen...

CreationHeavenHell/GehennaNoah & Flood

Judah and Creation of South

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 98:10

The verse we're talking about is (Genesis 49:12), part of Jacob's blessings to his sons: "His eyes shall be red from wine, and his teeth white from milk.” Now, on the surface, it s...

CreationTorahTribesWisdom

Benjamin the Wolf and the Heroes of His Tribe

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 99:3

Sometimes, a single verse can unlock a whole world of meaning, revealing connections between different figures and events throughout Jewish history. to one such verse from (Genesis...

CreationAngelsEstherTemple

The Hidden Cosmic Power in the Hebrew Word These

Midrash Rabbah Devarim Rabbah 1:6

In Hebrew, it’s Eleh hadevarim – Eleh meaning "these," and devarim meaning "words." But as with so much in Jewish tradition, there's a whole universe of meaning packed into those f...

HeavenHell/GehennaMosesTorah

When Israel's Honor Turned to Shame Before God

Midrash Rabbah Devarim Rabbah 2:19

The book of Devarim Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic teachings on the book of Deuteronomy, tackles this very question, and the answers might surprise you. It all starts with a vers...

PrayerRepentanceWisdomShabbat

David and His Mighty Men of Yehuda

Midrash Rabbah Devarim Rabbah 5:4

Jewish tradition grapples with this tension, too. Devarim Rabbah, a collection of homilies on the Book of Deuteronomy, offers a fascinating glimpse into how our sages understood th...

King DavidJobTorahSoul

The Poisonous Snake and the Power of Slander

Midrash Rabbah Devarim Rabbah 6:11

In Devarim Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic teachings on the Book of Deuteronomy, we find a powerful exploration of this very feeling, wrapped in a story about snakes and the proph...

CreationAngelsAdam & EvePatriarchs

Faith of Miriam

Midrash Rabbah Devarim Rabbah 6:12

Let's look at Miriam, a pivotal figure in the Exodus narrative. : she was celebrated as a prophetess, a leader, a woman of immense faith. The book of Exodus (15:20) tells us, “Miri...

MosesEgyptWomen of the Bible

The Fool Who Walks Into a House of Study and Leaves

Midrash Rabbah Devarim Rabbah 8:3

Devarim Rabbah 8 opens with a quote from Proverbs: "Wisdom is lofty to a fool; at the gate, he will not open his mouth" (Proverbs 24:7). But what does it really mean? Rabbi Tanhuma...

SolomonElijahTorahMysticism

A Time to Kill and a Time to Heal in Ecclesiastes

Midrash Rabbah Kohelet Rabbah 3:1

The book of Ecclesiastes, or Kohelet as it's known in Hebrew, grapples with this very idea. It’s a meditation on the cyclical nature of existence, the ups and downs that define our...

SolomonHealingViolenceWar

The Righteous and the Wicked Both Face God's Judgment

Midrash Rabbah Kohelet Rabbah 17:1

The book of Ecclesiastes, or Kohelet, grapples with this very question, stating, "I said in my heart: The righteous and the wicked, God will judge, as there is a time for every pur...

Hell/GehennaSolomonDanielMessiah

All His Days He Eats in Darkness and Knows Only Anger

Midrash Rabbah Kohelet Rabbah 16:1

Specifically, they focused on the verse in (Ecclesiastes 5:16): "In addition, all his days, he eats in darkness, and has much anger, illness, and rage." What does it mean to live i...

SolomonJobHoly Land

Enosh and Noah of Rabbis

Midrash Rabbah Kohelet Rabbah 14:1

In fact, it's echoed in ancient texts that speak to the timeless struggle between humanity and… well, something much bigger than ourselves. Let’s turn to Kohelet Rabbah, a collecti...

Noah & FloodSolomonWarDivine justice

Joseph and Creation of Egypt

Midrash Rabbah Kohelet Rabbah 15:2

Jewish tradition is full of stories of forgotten heroes, and one of the most poignant comes to us from Kohelet Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic commentaries on the Book of Ecclesia...

CreationJosephMosesWisdom

Moses and the Torah of Sinai

Midrash Rabbah Kohelet Rabbah 15:5

Jewish tradition is full of such stories, and one of my favorites comes from a surprising source: Kohelet Rabbah, a rabbinic commentary on the Book of Ecclesiastes. The passage sta...

MosesTorahWisdomEgypt

Golden Calf and the Lawgiver

Midrash Rabbah Kohelet Rabbah 15:6

It's part of the human condition. But have you ever considered that this struggle might be… a cosmic drama playing out on a miniature scale, right inside of you? That’s the kind of...

MosesKing DavidWisdomHoly Land

Wisdom of Yoav

Midrash Rabbah Kohelet Rabbah 18:2

The passage starts with a simple statement: "wisdom is better." Better than what? Better "than instruments of battle." Kohelet Rabbah illustrates this with a remarkable tale involv...

CreationHeavenPatriarchsJoseph

Pharaoh and the Heavenly Realms of Gehenna

Midrash Rabbah Shemot Rabbah 7:4

Rabbi Levi starts us off with a parable. Imagine a king who owns a beautiful orchard. Now, in this orchard, he plants not only fruit-bearing trees – the kind that give you deliciou...

HeavenAdam & EveJosephMoses

Yitro's Miracle

Midrash Rabbah Shemot Rabbah 27:3

It’s a recurring theme in Jewish tradition, and one particularly striking example comes to us from Shemot Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Exodus. Th...

MosesPrayerHoly LandEgypt

Yitro and the Fires of Gehenna of Amalek

Midrash Rabbah Shemot Rabbah 27:6

He appears in the narrative, offers Moses some crucial advice, and then… well, what do we really know about him? The Book of Exodus tells us, “Yitro heard…” (Exodus 18:1). But hear...

Hell/GehennaPatriarchsMosesKing David

God Saves Israel Only When They Have No Other Protector

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 12:3

It’s a humbling, and frankly, a little thought. And it's exactly what we find explored in Shir HaShirim Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic teachings and interpretations on the Song o...

AngelsJosephMosesSoul

Carmel — Elijah at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Shir HaShirim Rabbah 6:1

Even your weaknesses, your struggles, they are seen and cherished. to a beautiful passage from Shir HaShirim Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations of the Song of Songs. ...

CreationHeavenNoah & FloodPatriarchs

Bilam's Legacy

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 1:12

Rabbi Yitzchak, a sage of old, had an interesting take on this. He taught that before the Mishkan – the Tabernacle – was built, prophecy wasn't confined to the Israelites. It was, ...

PatriarchsSolomonTempleSoul

A Gnat Killed Titus and God Uses Any Creature as a Messenger

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 22:3

Vayikra Rabbah, a collection of Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)ic interpretations on the Book of Leviticus, explores this idea in a fascinating way. It begins with the v...

CreationNoah & FloodMosesTorah

The Wall Between God and Israel That Sin Built

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 33:2

The passage begins with a verse from Leviticus (25:14): "If you sell a sale item…[you shall not wrong [tonu] one another]." The Hebrew word tonu speaks of exploitation, of taking u...

CreationMosesJobMessiah

Why the Word 'Vayhi' Always Signals Disaster

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah, Petichta 11

The rabbis of Esther Rabbah made a stunning claim: every time the Hebrew word vayhi ("it was") appears in the Torah, it signals disaster. Rabbi Tanhuma, Rabbi Berekhya, and Rabbi H...

CreationTorahExileRedemption

Lord Receives the Torah

Other Texts The Wars of God 3:5

And it's something reflected even in our ancient texts. Imagine being accused of disrespecting the very wisdom you hold sacred. That's the situation hinted at in this passage, a pa...

TorahExileJudgment

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayera 22

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayera 22

And He said unto him: “Abraham”; and he said: “Here am I” (Gen. 22:1). What does the expression hineni (“here am I”) signify? It signifies meekness and piety. The meekness of pious...

SacrificeCovenantAbrahamAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 6

And it came to pass after these things (Gen. 48:1). What is written previously on this subject? And the time drew near that Israel must die, and he called his son Joseph (Gen. 47:2...

DeathTribesPatriarchsJacob

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 14

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 14

Benjamin is a wolf that raveneth (Gen. 49:27). Scripture states elsewhere: For the Lord will do nothing, but He revealeth His counsel unto His servants the prophets (Amos 3:7). At ...

SacrificeTribesKingsAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 17

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vaera 17

And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased (Exod. 9:34). Such is the way of the wicked: whenever they are in trouble, they humiliate themselves, b...

JudgmentDanielSinKing David

Midrash Tanchuma, Yitro 2

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Yitro 2

18:1). Some hear and lose (their reward), while others hear and are rewarded. Joash heard and lost (his reward), just as it is said: Then the king hearkened unto him (II Chron. 24:...

JudgmentDivine justiceWarAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Mishpatim 9

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Mishpatim 9

If thou lend money to any of my people (Exod. 22:24). Scripture states elsewhere in reference to this verse: He that putteth not out his money on interest (Ps. 15:5). Come and obse...

TorahTzedakah (Charity)Adam & EveWealth

Midrash Tanchuma, Terumah 9

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Terumah 9

And thou shalt make curtains of goats’ hair for a tent (Exod. 26:7). Scripture says elsewhere in allusion to this verse: I have loved you, saith the Lord, yet ye say: “Wherein hast...

MerkavahAdam & EvePatriarchsJacob

Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 6

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 6

R. Yudan opened the discussion with the verse: The tongue of the righteous is as choice silver; the heart of the wicked is little worth (Prov. 10:20). The tongue of the righteous i...

SacrificeAtonementTempleRepentance

Midrash Tanchuma, Tzav 3

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Tzav 3

(Lev. 7:11:) “This is the law of the sacrifice for peace offerings.” This text is related (to Prov. 3:17), “The ways [of wisdom] are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are pea...

TorahSacrificeSinBlessing

Midrash Tanchuma, Bamidbar 4

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Bamidbar 4

(Numb. 1:1-2) “Then the Lord spoke unto Moses in the Sinai desert […, ‘Take a census of the whole congregation of the Children of Israel…’].” This text is related (to Cant. 7:3), “...

MosesSinaiHumorWit

Midrash Tanchuma, Chukat 13

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Chukat 13

(Numb. 20:18:) “But Edom said unto him, “You shall not pass through me.’” This text is related to Ps. 120:7), “I am for peace; but when I speak, they are for war.” Where is it show...

TorahKingsAdam & EveWar

Midrash Tanchuma, Balak 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Balak 8

(Numb. 22:20:) “Then God came unto Balaam at night.” This text is related (to Exod. 12:42), “That was for the Lord a night of vigil.” All miracles which were done for Israel and wh...

Dreams & VisionsHumorAngelsPatriarchs