Parshat Vayera

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Three angels visit Abraham, the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, the birth of Isaac, and the Binding of Isaac (the Akedah). Genesis 18:1-22:24.

Malkitzedek — Abraham at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 25:6

It's more than just a ritual. It touches on themes of covenant, perfection, and even the very nature of blessing. to a fascinating passage from Vayikra Rabbah, a Midrash (rabbinic ...

CreationHeavenNoah & FloodPatriarchs

Land — Abraham at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 28:6

We often overlook the seemingly insignificant, but Jewish tradition teaches us that profound blessings can reside even there. Take, for instance, the omer offering. What exactly is...

CreationHell/GehennaNoah & FloodPatriarchs

Joseph — Abraham at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 30:10

Take, for instance, the four species we use on Sukkot – the etrog (citron), the lulav (date palm frond), the hadass (myrtle), and the aravah (willow). They aren't just random plant...

CreationPatriarchsMatriarchsJoseph

Elazar — Abraham at the Dawn of Creation

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 35:3

Rabbi Elazar, in Vayikra Rabbah 35, offers a powerful comparison. He says, "The way of the world is that a king issues a decree; if he wishes to fulfill it, he fulfills it, and if ...

CreationPatriarchsAbrahamDivine justice

Nebuchadnezzar and the Angels of Jerusalem

Other Texts The Wars of God 2:10

The Jerusalem Talmud, specifically in the tractate Shabbat, recounts a rather bold statement. The sages, or Chazal, tell us about someone who, upon witnessing the beauty of somethi...

AngelsDanielHoly LandShabbat

What Abraham Was Really Sitting On in Genesis 15

Philo The Midrash of Philo 11:7

It all starts with the verse: "Abraham passed over and sat upon them" (Genesis 15:11). Simple enough. But what does it mean? What is Abraham sitting on? Some interpret this verse a...

CreationPatriarchsMosesTemple

The Great Horror of Darkness That Fell Upon Abraham

Philo The Midrash of Philo 12:1

Our ancestor Abraham felt it too. The Torah tells us, in (Genesis 15:12): "About the time of the setting of the sun a trance fell upon Abraham; and lo, a great horror of darkness c...

CreationPatriarchsNoah & FloodAbraham

Philo on Abraham's Vision of Four Hundred Years

Philo The Midrash of Philo 13:2

The ancient sages certainly did. And they found profound meaning in that feeling. to a fascinating interpretation of a well-known biblical passage, explored in the Midrash of Philo...

CreationHeavenPatriarchsJob

Hagar at the Dawn of Creation

Philo The Midrash of Philo 1:8

But, like so many things in the Torah, there's a deeper layer, a hidden meaning waiting to be uncovered. The ancient sages, particularly those who engaged in midrash (rabbinic inte...

CreationPatriarchsJosephSoul

Why Hagar Fled From the Face of Sarah Her Mistress

Philo The Midrash of Philo 8:7

We're diving into a very specific verse: (Genesis 16:8). It's where Hagar, the maidservant of Sarah, answers the angel's question about where she's going. Her reply? "I am fleeing ...

CreationPatriarchsMatriarchsPrayer

Faith of Abraham

Philo The Midrash of Philo 3:1

We find him in (Genesis 17:3), and the Torah tells us, "Abraham fell on his face." But... why? What was going on in that moment that caused Abraham, the patriarch, the man of faith...

CreationPatriarchsAbrahamDivine justice

Why Abraham Fell on His Face Before God

Philo The Midrash of Philo 17:2

That image – of falling on one's face – becomes incredibly potent when we explore the story of Abraham. The Midrash of Philo, an ancient commentary attributed to Philo of Alexandri...

PatriarchsProphecySinai

Abraham Laughed in His Mind When God Promised a Son

Philo The Midrash of Philo 17:9

It turns out, even Abraham, our forefather, might have had a moment of… well, not exactly doubt, but perhaps profound wonder. The Torah tells us, in (Genesis 17:17), after God prom...

CreationHell/GehennaPatriarchs

Marriage of Abraham

Philo The Midrash of Philo 19:1

Like the universe is saying, "Okay, sure, but are you really ready for this?" That's the kind of vibe I get from this little nugget of a midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) ...

CreationPatriarchsMatriarchsProphecy

Guardian Angels

Midrash Tanchuma Tanchuma, Mishpatim 19

Like there's someone... or something... watching over you? Well, Jewish tradition has a fascinating answer for that feeling: guardian angels. But these aren't the cherubic, winged ...

AngelsJudgmentDivine justiceProtection

The Might Of The Angels

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanhuma-Yelammedenu

Jewish tradition grapples with this feeling too, often through stories of angels – beings of immense power, but always, always subservient to God. What does it mean to say somethin...

AngelsDemonsHeavenAdam & Eve

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 3

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 3

And Jacob went out (Gen. 28:10). Scripture states elsewhere in reference to this verse: For He will give His angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways (Ps. 91:11). R. M...

AngelsPatriarchsJacobDemons

Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 4

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 4

And the Lord went before them (Exod. 13:21). Just as a man treats other men, so is he treated. Because Abraham escorted the ministering angels, as it is said: And Abraham went with...

PatriarchsAngelsAbrahamExodus

Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 32

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 32

And the Lord descended in the cloud, and stood with him there (Exod. 34:5). How fortunate was Moses was that he could come before the Omnipresent while no angel or seraph was able ...

MosesAngelsPatriarchsHumor

Midrash Tanchuma, Bamidbar 19

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Bamidbar 19

(Numb. 3:40:) “Enroll every first-born male.” This text is related (to Is. 43:4), “Because you are precious in my eyes, you are honored, and I love you….” The Holy One, blessed be ...

PatriarchsAngelsJacobKings

Midrash Tanchuma, Balak 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Balak 8

(Numb. 22:20:) “Then God came unto Balaam at night.” This text is related (to Exod. 12:42), “That was for the Lord a night of vigil.” All miracles which were done for Israel and wh...

Dreams & VisionsHumorAngelsPatriarchs

God Renews the Covenant First Given to Noah

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 14:27

And it's a little different than what you might expect. In Jubilees 14, we find Abraham in a very familiar role: making sacrifices. He offers up pieces of animals, birds, fruit-off...

Noah & FloodTorahSacrifice

The Nations At War

Ginzberg Vol. 2

The Torah focuses on Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, on Joseph and his brothers. But the world didn't stop spinning just because the Israelites were having family drama. According to Gi...

CreationDemonsHeavenMoses

Joseph Led an Army in His First Year as Viceroy

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 1:183

This one involves Joseph, yes, that Joseph, the one with the coat of many colors, the dreamer who rose to power in Egypt. But before the famine, before the brothers came begging fo...

JosephEgyptWomen of the Bible

Moses — Elijah at the Dawn of Creation

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 12:156

Jewish tradition certainly knows that feeling, and it gives us some incredible stories about how our ancestors faced it. Imagine this: the prophet Elijah, a figure practically syno...

CreationHeavenMosesElijah

Josephus Defends Jewish Law on Capital Crimes

Josephus Against Apion 30:1

Flavius Josephus, in his work Against Apion, gives us a glimpse into the ancient Jewish legal and moral framework, and it’s He's writing to defend Judaism against its detractors, a...

TorahProphecySoulMiracles

A Pivotal Moment of Yearning for the Divine

Kabbalah Heikhalot Rabbati

That feeling, that yearning, is at the very heart of the Heikhalot (the heavenly palaces) Rabbati, a text that plunges us into the mystical realms of Jewish tradition. "Heikhalot" ...

TorahMysticismMerkavahKings

Asking What the King of All Kings Demands of You

Kabbalah Derech Etz Chayim (Ramchal) 1:16

We pour our energy into the fleeting, the temporary. But what about the big questions? What if, just for a little while, we shifted our focus? What if we dared to ask ourselves: Wh...

MosesKing DavidKingsDivine justice

A Candle Flame Reveals the Colors of the Soul

Kabbalah Tikkunei Zohar 104:15

The Tikkun (spiritual repair)ei Zohar, a central text of Kabbalah, invites us to do just that, to see the divine secrets hidden in plain sight. Specifically, Tikkunei Zohar 104 use...

Adam & EveSoulSefirot

And thus is it written (Psalms 2 — 1) "Why do the nations

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Shirah 7:9

The Mekhilta de-Rabbi Ishmael invokes a pair of verses from Psalms to reveal something startling about how God responds to the nations that rage against Israel: He laughs. The firs...

CharityKing DavidPsalmsTzedakah (Charity)

Tarfon says — It descended, as it were, on the palms of the

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Vayassa 4:16

Rabbi Tarfon offered one of the most striking images in all of Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael. He said the manna descended from heaven on the very palms of God. The word "mechuspas" use...

PrayerCharityHoly Land

And whence is it derived that He showed him the overturning

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Amalek 2:28

The Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael explores a tradition about what God revealed to Moses at the end of his life. Among the many visions granted to Moses before his death, the rabbis ask...

WisdomMosesAdam & EveProphecy

Og Survived the Flood by Riding on Top of the Ark

Midrash Aggadah Targum Jonathan on Genesis 14

Genesis 14 is a war chapter—four kings against five, a battle in the Valley of Siddim, Lot taken captive, Abraham riding to the rescue. The Hebrew text is spare and military. But t...

CovenantKingsHumorAbraham

Ben Ezra & Jehuda Halevi

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 356

Abraham ibn Ezra and Yehuda Halevi were two of the greatest Jewish minds of medieval Spain — but their partnership was as unlikely as it was legendary. Ibn Ezra was a wandering poe...

WisdomTribesEzraLevi

The Messiah Who Will Be Greater Than the Patriarchs

Midrash Aggadah Aggadat Bereshit 45

Esau sees that the women of Canaan displease his father Isaac (Genesis 28:8). So what does he do? He goes and marries a daughter of Ishmael. Adding trouble upon trouble, the rabbis...

MessiahAbrahamJacobMoses

Moav's Transgression

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 51:10

The passage begins with a verse from Jeremiah (48:30): "I know its fury, the utterance of the Lord, and its lies [badav] are unfounded [lo khen]." This verse becomes the springboar...

CreationHeavenMatriarchsTorah

Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 10

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 10

After these things, the word of the Lord came unto Abraham, in a vision, saying: “Fear not, Abram!” (Gen. 15:1). May it please our master to teach us what (the) burnt offerings (pr...

SacrificeJudgmentDivine justiceAbraham

Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 12

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 12

After these things the word of the Lord came unto Abram (Gen. 15:1). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse: The wicked earneth false wages, but he that soweth righte...

Hell/GehennaJudgmentRighteousnessTzedakah (Charity)

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayera 16

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayera 16

And the Lord remembered Sarah (Gen. 21:1). Scripture states elsewhere in reference to this verse: That confirmeth the word of His servant, and performeth the counsel of His messeng...

MatriarchsHoly LandAbrahamJerusalem

Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 14

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 14

A song of ascents. I will lift up mine eyes to the mountains (Ps. 121:1). Scripture alludes here to the verse Who art thou, O great mountain before. Zerubbabel? Thou shalt become a...

King DavidAdam & EveNoah & FloodBabel

How Joy Opens the Gates of Wisdom

Kabbalah & Mysticism Likutey Moharan, Lesson 3

Listening to a wicked singer is spiritually dangerous. Listening to a righteous singer can transform your soul. Rabbi Nachman of Breslov explains why, and the answer involves the s...

PrayerTzaddikFaithDivine sparks

Clapping Hands During Prayer Breaks All Judgments

Kabbalah & Mysticism Likutey Moharan, Lesson 9

The essence of life comes from prayer. Rabbi Nachman of Breslov derives this from a single verse: "Prayer to the God of my life" (Psalms 42:9). Prayer is not merely an appeal to th...

PrayerTzaddikFaithHealing

Finding God in the Silence Between Words

Kabbalah & Mysticism Likutey Moharan, Lesson 12

Rabbi Nachman of Breslov taught that there is a reason why Torah scholars so often oppose the true tzaddik (a righteous person)im (the righteous). It is not a flaw in the system. I...

PrayerTzaddikFaithRepentance

Torah Study That Reshapes the Entire Universe

Kabbalah & Mysticism Noam Elimelech, Bereshit

In his commentary on Parashat Bereshit, Rebbe Elimelech of Lizhensk (the Noam Elimelech) asks a deceptively simple question: why does the Torah begin with the word "beginning"? Ras...

CreationTorahDivine sparks

The Roman Who Challenged the Rabbis About God

Talmud Aggadah Sanhedrin 39b

The Roman emperor challenged Rabban Gamliel with a direct theological question: if your God is everywhere, why can He not be seen? According to Sanhedrin 39b, the conversation expo...

Divine justiceGodTheology

The 613 Commandments Reduced to One Principle

Talmud Aggadah Makkot 24a

Rabbi Simlai made one of the most ambitious claims in the entire Talmud. He said: 613 commandments were given to Moses at Sinai—365 prohibitions corresponding to the days of the so...

Temple destructionHopeProphecyFoxes

God Searched a Thousand Men to Find One Righteous

Midrash Aggadah Aggadat Bereshit 50

David lifts his eyes to the mountains and prays — "A song of ascents" — and God answers him through a text he might not have expected: Moses's blessing of Judah. "And this is the b...

Divine throneAbrahamAdam & EveMoses

David Lifted His Eyes and God Spoke Through Moses

Midrash Aggadah Aggadat Bereshit 51

Rachel had watched her sister enter the wedding canopy and had not envied her — not then. But when the children came, one after another from Leah's womb, Rachel's patience broke. "...

DemonsAbrahamJosephMoses