Parshat Vayishlach

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Jacob wrestles with the angel, his reunion with Esau, the incident at Shechem, Rachel's death, and the genealogy of Esau. Genesis 32:4-36:43.

Zion's Transgression

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 24:4

That’s the kind of feeling we're going to explore today, but with a very specific location in mind: Zion. We find a fascinating passage in Vayikra Rabbah, a midrash (rabbinic inter...

MosesKing DavidTorahTemple

The Ten Commandments Hidden Inside the Holiness Code

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 24:5

Rabbi Ḥiyya taught that this specific portion, Kedoshim, was delivered in a grand assembly – "Speak to the entire congregation of the children of Israel..." (Leviticus 19:2). Why? ...

Adam & EveMosesTorahHoly Land

The King's Inner Garment That Only Moses Could Manage

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 24:7

It's not just about cleanliness, friends. It’s about something far deeper: our relationship with the Divine. Vayikra Rabbah, a fascinating collection of rabbinic interpretations on...

JosephMosesHoly LandEgypt

Moses and the Heavenly Realms of Hadrian

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 25:5

The book of Job asks, "Who set wisdom batuḥot?" (Job 38:36). The Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary), specifically Vayikra Rabbah, explores this, asking, what even is batuḥo...

HeavenMosesJobMiracles

Abraham in Joseph's Time

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 25:7

Sometimes, the answer lies in the most unexpected places, like, say, a close reading of the book of Ezekiel and a bit of ancient commentary. In Vayikra Rabbah 25, we find a fascina...

JosephProphecyHoly LandEgypt

Ezekiel's Transgression

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 27:3

A song, a smell, a place... and suddenly you're right back there, feeling the weight of it all over again. Jewish tradition is keenly aware of this power of association, and how ea...

HeavenJosephMosesTorah

The Queen Cleared of Rumors and the Bull Offering Explained

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 27:8

It might seem random, but Jewish tradition offers a fascinating explanation, one rooted in rumor, reputation, and divine forgiveness. Our story begins with the prophet Hosea, who s...

JosephMosesProphecyHoly Land

Why the Rabbis Debated Banning the Book of Ecclesiastes

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 28:1

These questions, believe it or not, were being debated intensely by the ancient Rabbis, particularly in relation to the book of Ecclesiastes, or Kohelet, as it's known in Hebrew. L...

MosesSolomonTorahHoly Land

The Omer Offering and How God Dries the Land While We Sleep

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 28:2

He points out a simple truth: When we wash our clothes on a rainy day, we have to work so hard to dry them. But while we're sleeping soundly, the Holy One, blessed be He, sends a l...

SolomonTempleHoly Land

Great Sanhedrin Receives the Torah

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 30:11

We know the etrog (citron), the lulav (palm branch), the hadassim (myrtle), and the aravot (willow) are central to the holiday. But beyond their literal forms, Jewish tradition oft...

TorahWisdomHoly LandJudgment

The Four Species as Four Types of Jews United on Sukkot

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 30:12

It uses the four species taken on Sukkot, the Festival of Tabernacles, as a metaphor for the Jewish people. It comes from Vayikra Rabbah, a Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentar...

CreationMosesTorahHoly Land

God Commands Us to Take Not for His Sake but for Ours

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 30:13

That feeling, that little twist of perspective, is at the heart of a beautiful teaching from Vayikra Rabbah, the rabbinic commentary on the Book of Leviticus. Rabbi Yehuda, quoting...

CreationMosesSolomonDaniel

Shmuel — First Days of Existence

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 31:1

It all begins with the verse, "Command the children of Israel, and they shall take to you pure virgin olive oil for the lighting, to kindle a lamp continually" (Leviticus 24:2). Th...

CreationKing DavidProphecyHoly Land

Is There a Number to God's Troops and What Happened at the Temple

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 31:6

The passage opens with the phrase "Command the children of Israel." But immediately, the text veers into a discussion about the number of God's "troops." A seemingly simple questio...

MosesKing DavidDanielJob

Shelomit and the Heavenly Realms

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 32:1

We're diving into a fascinating little corner of the book of Leviticus, specifically Vayikra Rabbah 32, and trust me, it’s juicier than it sounds. The passage in (Leviticus 24:10-1...

HeavenAdam & EveMosesKing David

Goliath and the Lawgiver

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 32:3

In the book of Vayikra, Leviticus, we read a troubling story about the "son of an Israelite woman" who, as the verse says, "went out" (Leviticus 24:10). But...went out from where? ...

CreaturesMosesKing DavidTemple

Aaron and Noah of Putiel

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 33:4

Our tradition certainly thinks so. There’s a powerful message tucked away in Vayikra Rabbah, specifically in section 33, about the weight of our words and the damage they can infli...

Noah & FloodMosesTorahHoly Land

Aviya Faces Judgment

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 33:5

The ancient rabbis certainly did. They saw echoes of these struggles in the biblical text, particularly in the stories surrounding kings and their kingdoms. In Vayikra Rabbah, a co...

Hell/GehennaMosesProphecyPrayer

Moses and the King of Judges

Midrash Rabbah Vayikra Rabbah 34:6

The ancient rabbis certainly thought so when reflecting on the history of Israel. Vayikra Rabbah, a midrash – a collection of rabbinic teachings – on the Book of Leviticus, explore...

MosesKing DavidSolomonPrayer

“How the Lord has clouded the daughter of Zion in His wrath

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:1

“How the Lord has clouded the daughter of Zion in His wrath. He cast the splendor of Israel from the heavens to the earth, and did not remember His footstool on the day of His wrat...

TorahExileRedemptionProphecy

“Its gates sank into the ground; He eradicated and broke its bars

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 2:13

“Its gates sank into the ground; He eradicated and broke its bars. Its king and its princes are among the nations; there is no Torah; its prophets, too, could not find a vision fro...

TorahProphecyWisdomTemple

“For the Lord will not forsake forever

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:11

“For the Lord will not forsake forever. For, if He torments, He will have compassion according to His abundant grace. For He does not afflict willingly and torment the children of ...

TorahExileMosesDivine justice

“Pay them retribution, Lord, according to their handiwork”

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:22

“Pay them retribution, Lord, according to their handiwork” (Lamentations 3:64).“Pay them retribution” – Jeremiah said: “Pay them retribution.” Asaf said: “Pay our neighbors retribu...

TorahMosesProphecyTemple

“How has gold tarnished, the fine gold changed

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:1

“How has gold tarnished, the fine gold changed? The sacred stones are spilled at the head of every street” (Lamentations 4:1).“How has gold tarnished [yuam]?” Rabbi Shmuel said: Ho...

TorahExileProphecyDeath

“The iniquity of the daughter of my people exceeded the sin

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:9

“The iniquity of the daughter of my people exceeded the sin of Sodom, which was overthrown in a moment, and no hands seized it” (Lamentations 4:6).“The iniquity of the daughter of ...

TorahProphecyCharityHoly Land

“It was due to the sins of her prophets, the iniquities of

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:16

“It was due to the sins of her prophets, the iniquities of her priests, who shed the blood of the righteous in her midst” (Lamentations 4:13).“It was due to the sins of her prophet...

ExileProphecyDivine justiceTemple

“Your iniquity is completed, daughter of Zion; He will not

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:25

“Your iniquity is completed, daughter of Zion; He will not continue to exile you. He will reckon your iniquity, daughter of Edom, He will expose your sins” (Lamentations 4:22).“You...

ExileRedemptionMosesProphecy

“We have become orphans, fatherless; our mothers are like

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:3

“We have become orphans, fatherless; our mothers are like widows” (Lamentations 5:3).“We have become orphans, fatherless.” Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Levi: The Holy O...

RedemptionHoly LandWomen of the BibleCharity

“Why do You forget us forever, forsake us for so long

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:20

“Why do You forget us forever, forsake us for so long?” (Lamentations 5:20).“Why do You forget us forever?” Rabbi Yehoshua bar Avin said: Jeremiah employed four expressions: Spurni...

MosesProphecyHoly Land

“It was during the days of Aḥashverosh; that [hu]

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 1:1

“It was during the days of Aḥashverosh; that [hu] Aḥashverosh; that [hu] Aḥashverosh who reigned from India to Kush, one hundred and twenty-seven provinces” (Esther 1:1).1What foll...

ExileProphecyWisdomTemple

“Many days” – days of suffering, and similarly — “It was

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 2:2

“Many days” – days of suffering, and similarly: “It was during those many days…the children of Israel sighed due to the work, and they cried out, and their plea rose to God from th...

Holy LandDivine justiceElijahEsther

“Also, Vashti the queen made a women’s banquet in the royal

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 3:2

“Also, Vashti the queen made a women’s banquet in the royal palace of King Aḥashverosh” (Esther 1:9). Rabbi Yehuda son of Rabbi Simon began: “My people, its oppressors are babes an...

ProphecyHoly LandWomen of the BibleKings

It is written — “From people by Your hand, O Lord, from

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 3:6

It is written: “From people by Your hand, O Lord, from people from the world [meḥeled ], their portion is in life; Your hidden treasures will fill their bellies; their sons will be...

TempleCharityHoly Land

“Have the king appoint officials in all the provinces of

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 5:3

“Have the king appoint officials in all the provinces of his kingdom and they will gather every virgin young woman of fair appearance to the Shushan citadel, to the harem, to the c...

ExileProphecyHoly LandKings

“The young woman who will please the king will reign in

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 5:4

“The young woman who will please the king will reign in place of Vashti. The proposal pleased the king and he did so” (Esther 2:4).“The young woman who will please the king” – who ...

MosesProphecyHoly LandKings

“It was contemptible in his eyes to lay hands on Mordekhai

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah 7:10

“It was contemptible in his eyes to lay hands on Mordekhai alone, for they had told him of Mordekhai’s people; Haman sought to destroy all the Jews that were in the whole kingdom o...

ExileMosesProphecyDivine justice

Why Each Empire Felt Worse Than the Last

Midrash Rabbah Esther Rabbah, Petichta 2

A single verse from Deuteronomy captured the entire emotional arc of Jewish exile. "In the morning you will say: Would that it were evening, and in the evening you will say: Would ...

ExileAdam & EveEstherPrayer

Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 3

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 3

These are the generations of Noah. Blessed be the name of the King of Kings, the Holy One, blessed be He, who chose Israel from among the seventy nations of the world, as it is wri...

DeathShekhinahHumorWit

Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 16

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 16

And the whole earth was of one language (Gen. 11:1). May it please our master to teach us why a house with an eruv27A legal fiction which establishes the continuity of a community ...

TorahNoah & FloodHumorWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 10

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 10

After these things, the word of the Lord came unto Abraham, in a vision, saying: “Fear not, Abram!” (Gen. 15:1). May it please our master to teach us what (the) burnt offerings (pr...

SacrificeJudgmentDivine justiceAbraham

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayera 2

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayera 2

R. Berechiah began the discussion in R. Levi’s name with the verse: Thou hast also given me Thy shield, and Thy salvation; and Thy right hand hath holden me up, and Thy condescensi...

SacrificeJudgmentCovenant

Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 14

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Toldot 14

A song of ascents. I will lift up mine eyes to the mountains (Ps. 121:1). Scripture alludes here to the verse Who art thou, O great mountain before. Zerubbabel? Thou shalt become a...

King DavidAdam & EveNoah & FloodBabel

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 4

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayetzei 4

And the Lord saw that Leah was hated (Gen. 29:31). May our master teach us: May a man pronounce a blessing over the fragrance of spices employed in idolatrous worship? Our masters ...

MatriarchsPrayerWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 5

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 5

And Dinah, the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne unto Jacob, went out (Gen. 34:1). May it please our master to teach us whether a woman is permitted to walk about on the Sabbath...

SacrificeWomen of the BibleHumorWit

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 8

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 8

And God said unto Jacob: “Arise, go up to Beth-El” (Gen. 35:1). May our master teach us: How many times is a man’s “account book”7The heavenly ledger wherein man’s deeds are record...

SacrificeDeathWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 9

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayishlach 9

And God said unto Jacob (Gen. 35:1). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse: Thou art not a God that hath pleasure in wickedness; evil shall not sojourn with Thee (Ps...

SacrificeAdam & EvePrayerJerusalem

Midrash Tanchuma, Miketz 10

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Miketz 10

And God almighty give you mercy before the man (Gen. 43:14). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse: For this let everyone that is godly pray unto Thee in a time when...

DeathJudgmentMusic & SongWomen of the Bible

Midrash Tanchuma, Vayigash 1

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayigash 1

Then Judah came near unto him (Gen. 44:18). May it please our master to teach us: Which guarantor is responsible for the repayment of a loan? Thus do our masters teach us: R. Simeo...

TorahTribesDemonsHumor