Hebraic Literature (1901)

335 texts in Kabbalah & Mysticism

Why the Talmud Warns Against the Sadducees Until Death

Berakhot 29a; Derech Eretz Zuta 1

There was a man named Yochanan who served as High Priest for eighty years. Eighty. Longer than most men live, longer than any priest before or since had stood between Israel and th...

RabbisEthicsRepentanceHumility

The Rabbinic Teaching That Adam Was Originally Both Male and Female

Targum Yonatan on Genesis; Bereshit Rabbah

Look again at the opening of Genesis. "Zachar u-nekevah bara otam" — "male and female created He them" (Genesis 1:27). Why does the verse call the single creature otam, "them," if ...

Adam & EveCreationMarriageWomen of the Bible

The Town of Kushta Where No One Ever Told a Lie

Sanhedrin 97a

Ravina once sighed, "There is no truth left in the world." Rabbi Toviah would not let the statement stand. "If all the riches of the world were offered me," he would say, "I would ...

EthicsSpeechParablesRabbis

Why Israel Is More Beloved Than the Angels Who Sing Holy

Hullin 91b; Bereshit Rabbah 65:21

Every day three choirs of ministering angels stand before the throne and sing. The first class sings, "Holy!" The second answers, "Holy!" The third completes the line: "Holy is the...

AngelsPrayerTorahCommunity

How Benaiah Captured Ashmedai King of the Demons

Gittin 68a

When Solomon needed the king of the demons to help build the Temple without iron, he sent his captain Benaiah son of Jehoiada into the wilderness. Benaiah carried two weapons that ...

SolomonDemonsTempleMysticism

How Benjamin the Righteous Made the Angels Argue With God

Bava Batra 11a

Benjamin the Righteous was the keeper of the communal poor-box in his city. He had one job: to guard the coins and give them out to the hungry. In a year of famine a woman came to ...

CharityAngelsRighteousnessPoverty

Why Moses and Elijah Never Quite Touched Heaven

Sukkah 5a

Rabbi Yossi gave a teaching that startles the ear. The Shechinah, he said, has never descended below, and Moses and Elijah never truly ascended on high. Heaven and earth keep a sma...

MosesElijahHeavenMysticism

Why the Witch of Endor Could Still Raise Samuel's Spirit

Shabbat 152b

A Sadducee came to Rabbi Abahu with a sharp question. "You rabbis teach," he said, "that the souls of the righteous are treasured up beneath the Throne of Glory. If that is so, how...

SoulAfterlifeDeathProphecy

When Elijah Woke the Patriarchs Before the Messiah

Bava Metzia 85b

Elijah was a regular visitor at Rabbi's academy. He would slip in quietly, take his seat, and listen. One first-of-the-month he came in late, and Rabbi asked him what had kept him....

ElijahPatriarchsMessiahPrayer

Rava's Strange Teaching That Life Depends on Luck, Not Merit

Moed Katan 28a

Rava said something that rabbis are not supposed to say. "Life, children, and sufficient livelihood," he taught, "do not depend on merit. They depend on mazal — on the star under w...

RabbisDivine justiceWisdomHumility

How the World Lost Its Flavor When the Temple Fell

Sotah 48a

Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel, quoting Rabbi Yehoshua, said something that should stop us: since the destruction of the Temple, not a single day has passed without a curse (Sotah 48a). ...

TempleDestructionExileHoly Land

How Elijah Saved Rav Kahana From a Rooftop Leap

Kiddushin 40a

Rav Kahana was a scholar, but he was poor, and poor scholars in Babylonia often had to work as peddlers to survive. He earned his bread by selling women's baskets door to door. One...

ElijahPovertyRabbisEthics

How Rabbah bar Nachmani Was Chased by Tax Collectors and Demons

Bava Metzia 86a; Pesachim 110a

Rabbah bar Nachmani ran one of the great academies of Babylonia, and twice a year — in the month before Passover and the month before the Feast of Tabernacles — thousands of Jews t...

RabbisStudyDemonsHolidays

What the Voice of Jacob Really Means in Rabbinic Tradition

Gittin 57b; Bereshit Rabbah 65:20

When blind Isaac reached out to bless his son and said, "HaKol kol Yaakov v'ha-yadayim y'dei Esav" — "The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau" (Genesis...

PatriarchsPrayerExileDestruction

How God Distracted Satan With Job to Save Israel at the Sea

Shemot Rabbah 21

When Israel came out of Egypt and stood at the shore of the Reed Sea, Samael — the angel who serves as heavenly prosecutor — rose up to accuse them. "Lord of the Universe," Samael ...

MosesAngelsDivine justiceMiracles

The Three Prophets Who Saw Jerusalem at Three Different Ages

Eichah Rabbah 1:1

Rabbi Levi told a parable that holds three prophets in one sentence. Israel, he said, is like a noblewoman who had three friends. One knew her in her prosperity. One knew her in he...

MosesProphecyExileParables

Why Rabbi Akiba Laughed When the Others Wept Over Jerusalem

Makkot 24b

Four rabbis were walking together on Mount Scopus, looking down at the ruin of Jerusalem. They saw a fox running out of the Holy of Holies. The three older sages began to weep. Rab...

RabbisProphecyExileMessiah

The Lie That Tried to Sneak Onto Noah's Ark

Midrashic proverbial tradition

When the waters of the flood began to rise and every living thing scrambled toward the ark, a strange creature came to Noah's gate — the Lie. The Lie asked to be admitted. Noah loo...

Noah & FloodFloodParablesEthics

When Elijah Rewarded a Stingy Host With a New Wall

Elijah folk tradition

Elijah was traveling in disguise with a rabbi, as he often did in the legends. Toward evening they arrived at a large and imposing mansion, the home of a haughty, wealthy man. The ...

ElijahCharityEthicsDivine justice

Why the New Year Falls on the Day Adam Was Created

Rosh Hashanah 10b-11a; Vayikra Rabbah 29:1

Rabbi Eleazar said that the month of Tishri holds more Jewish history than any other. "Abraham and Jacob were born in Tishri," he taught, "and in Tishri they died. On the first of ...

HolidaysCreationPatriarchsRepentance

The One Frog That Filled All of Egypt

Sanhedrin 67b

The plague of frogs rose out of the Nile, and the sages wondered: how does a single verse describe it in the singular? And the frog came up and covered the land of Egypt (Exodus 8:...

RabbisMiraclesMoses

The Widow at the Grave and the Borrowed Corpse

Kiddushin 80b

The Talmud (Kiddushin 80b) tells a grim little tale to justify a rule about guarding appearances. Once a woman stood weeping over her husband's fresh grave. Not far off, a guard ke...

EthicsWomen of the BibleDeath

Why Heaven Chose the School of Hillel

Eiruvin 13b

For three years the house of Shammai and the house of Hillel stood locked in argument. Each claimed the law, the halacha, belonged to them. Both schools were sharp; both were pious...

HumilityWisdomRabbisEthics

The Cask of Wine That Killed Three Souls

Chullin 94a

The Rabbis taught, in Chullin 94a, a cluster of warnings about the small deceptions that undo a household. None is dramatic. Each is deadly. The shoe. Do not sell a neighbor shoes ...

EthicsDeathCommunitySpeech

Why the Demon King Laughed at a Wedding and Wept at Shoes

Gittin 68a-b

The Talmud preserves a strange journey. Benaiah son of Jehoiada has captured Ashmedai, the king of the demons, and leads him bound toward Solomon's court. Along the road, the demon...

SolomonDemonsWisdomSpeech

Seven Rules Rabbi Akiva Gave His Son

Pesachim 112a

Before Rabbi Akiva died, he sat his son Rabbi Yehoshua down and gave him seven instructions. They read less like commandments than like the quiet advice of a man who had seen too m...

WisdomRabbisEthicsParenting

The Widow Who Waited Ten Years and Still Had Children

Yevamot 34b

Rabbi Yochanan taught a strict rule in Yevamot 34b: a widow who waits ten years before remarrying will have no children with her new husband. The ten-year gap, the sages believed, ...

Women of the BibleMarriageRabbis

Why Akiva Said Charity Saves Us from Gehenna

Baba Batra 10a

The Roman governor Turnus Rufus thought he had caught Rabbi Akiva in a contradiction. "If your God loves the poor," he pressed, "why doesn't He feed them Himself?" Akiva did not he...

CharityDivine justicePovertyRabbis

How Solomon Lost His Throne and Found It in a Fish

Gittin 68b

The story picks up after Ashmedai, king of the demons, has seized Solomon's magical ring and flung it into the sea. Power stripped, Solomon is no longer Solomon. The demon king hur...

SolomonKing DavidDemonsExile

Twenty-Four Reasons to Excommunicate, and Only Three That Stuck

Berakhot 19a

Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi made a grand claim in Berakhot 19a: "The tribunal excommunicates for the honor of a Rabbi in twenty-four cases," he said, "and every one of them is laid out...

RabbisStudySpeechEthics

The Seventy Bullocks of Sukkot and the Nations

Sukkah 55b

On the Feast of Sukkot, the Torah commands Israel to offer seventy bullocks across the seven days (Numbers 29:12–36). Rabbi Eliezer asked the obvious question in Sukkah 55b: sevent...

TempleHolidaysSacrificeDivine justice

The Test of Abraham and the Accuser in Heaven

Sanhedrin 89b

And it came to pass after these things that God tested Abraham (Genesis 22:1). Rabbi Yochanan, speaking in the name of Rabbi Yossi ben Zimra, asks in Sanhedrin 89b: after what thin...

PatriarchsAngelsSacrificeRighteousness

What Counts as an Enchanter According to Akiva

Sanhedrin 65b

Sanhedrin 65b sets the sages debating: what exactly is an enchanter — the figure the Torah forbids? Rabbi Shimon gives the ugliest definition: one who passes the secretions of seve...

RabbisEthicsWisdomSin

Eight Hundred Children Who Chose the Sea Over Shame

Gittin 57b

Gittin 57b tells a story that Jewish liturgy still refuses to round off. Four hundred boys and four hundred girls were once kidnapped from their families by Roman captors. As the s...

MartyrdomAfterlifeDestructionExile

The Death of Rabbah bar Nachmani in the Heavenly Academy

Bava Metzia 86a

The Roman official had one cup too many set before him, and his face twisted unnaturally. A Rabbi knew the cure — rearrange the cups so the even number became odd, and the face wou...

RabbisAngelsDeathTorah

How a Clever Jew Out-Argued Egypt Before Alexander

Sanhedrin 91a

Sanhedrin 91a preserves a courtroom drama from the age of Alexander of Macedon. The people of Egypt appeared before the conqueror to lodge a complaint against Israel. Their argumen...

TorahMosesWisdomExile

The Luckiest Man in Polish Folklore Was Job

Folk tradition (Tanna d'vei Eliyahu)

Jewish folk belief about small coins ran deep in the towns of Poland. Among both Jewish and Gentile neighbors a superstition held that a penny found at the right moment — stumbled ...

CharityWisdomExile

The Dead Man Who Needed His Son to Say the Blessing

Tanna d'vei Eliyahu

The story is told in Tanna d'vei Eliyahu. Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai was walking one day when he saw a man gathering wood in the forest. He called out a greeting. No answer. He call...

AfterlifeRepentanceParentingStudy

Why Akiva Smiled When His Teacher Was Dying

Rabbinic Ana

Rabbi Eliezer lay between life and death. His disciples and friends gathered around the bed, weeping openly. The great teacher, the man who had trained a generation, was slipping a...

AfterlifeRighteousnessRabbisDivine justice

Why Men Are Born with Fists and Die with Open Hands

Proverbial Sayings and Traditions

The sages loved short sayings that carried a whole theology in a line. Here are a handful gathered from rabbinic tradition. Cold water morning and evening is better than all the co...

WisdomStudyEthicsDeath

Elijah Explains Why the Cow Died and the Wall Stood

Proverbial Sayings and Traditions

The Rabbi had traveled with Elijah for days and seen strange justice everywhere. A poor couple had hosted them with warmth, and that night the family cow died. A wealthy man had tu...

ElijahDivine justiceCharityCommunity

Five Kinds of Passengers at the Island of This World

Fasts and Festivals Parable

The sages illustrated repentance with a parable, and this one has sailed down the centuries. A great ship was crossing the ocean on a long voyage. Before reaching port, a storm dro...

RepentanceParablesEthicsWisdom

The Frog, the Scorpion, and Samuel's Glimpse of Judgment

Nedarim 41a

Samuel the prophet once stood at the bank of a river and watched a strange sight. A frog was swimming across the water with a scorpion riding on its back. The scorpion could not sw...

Divine justiceJudgmentProphecyRabbis

How Samson's Hair Rang Like Bells Between Zoreah and Eshtaol

Sotah 9b

Scripture says of Samson that "the spirit of the Lord began to move him at times in the camp of Dan, between Zoreah and Eshtaol" (Judges 13:25). The rabbis reading that verse pause...

ProphecyRabbisWisdomTorah

The Young Man of Tiberias Trapped by Two Laughing Women

Eruvin 21b

The rabbis of the Talmud once ruled that a woman should not walk between two men, and a man should not pass between two women. The reasons were tangled up with concerns about purit...

RabbisWomen of the BibleEthicsWisdom

Reuben ben Istrubli Tricks the Roman Senate Into Freeing the Jews

Me'ilah 17a-b

Rome had issued three decrees against the Jews. They were forbidden to keep the Sabbath, forbidden to circumcise their sons, and forbidden to observe the laws of family purity. The...

RabbisSabbathExileWisdom

The Visitor Who Spoke to King Solomon in Bricks

Rosh Hashanah 26a

A visitor arrived at the royal court of Solomon, hoping for an audience with the wisest of kings. He was not admitted. Three days passed, and each day he was told to wait. On the f...

SolomonWisdomParablesRabbis

The Seven Names the Prophets Gave to the Evil Inclination

Sukkah 52a

The sages of the Talmud taught that the yetzer hara, the evil inclination within every human being, goes by seven different names in Scripture. Each prophet saw a different face of...

MosesKing DavidSolomonSin