There is a pun beneath Esau's outburst, and the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan does not let us miss it. "His name is truly called Jakob; for he hath dealt treacherously with me these two times: my birthright he took, and, behold, now he hath received my blessing!" (Genesis 27:36).
The name Yaakov comes from the Hebrew root akev — heel. At his birth, Jacob came out gripping Esau's heel (Genesis 25:26). But the same root also means to supplant, to deceive from behind. Esau, in this moment, is not praising his brother. He is bitterly decoding his name.
The two thefts
Esau lists them in order. First, the birthright — the pot of lentils on the day Esau came in from the field (Genesis 25:29-34). Then the blessing — the meal in the tent tonight. Two ambushes from the heel. Two moments when the younger brother reached up from behind and took what the elder should have held.
The Targum preserves the raw arithmetic of Esau's grief. He is not wrong about the facts. He is only wrong about the meaning. What he calls theft, the heavens had already called covenant. The oracle to Rebekah — the elder shall serve the younger — had announced the inversion before either son was born.
Hast thou not reserved a blessing for me?
Esau's final question is almost childlike in its desperation. Hast thou not reserved a blessing for me? He cannot imagine that his father has only one. The rabbis read this as Esau's spiritual blindness: he assumes blessings are a commodity, to be handed out in quantities. He has never understood that the covenantal blessing is singular.
The takeaway: some gifts are not multiplied by wanting them. Pseudo-Jonathan's Esau will carry this misreading with him for the rest of his life.