Leviticus 19 contains the famous command "love your neighbor as yourself." The Targum Jonathan's version is subtly different: "thou shalt love thy neighbour himself, as that though there be cause of hatred with thee thou mayest not do evil to him." Love is not a feeling in the Targum. It is a restraint. Even when you have legitimate reasons to hate someone, you must not act on them.
The chapter opens with "Be holy, for I the Lord your God am Holy"—and the Targum weaves this command through dozens of practical laws. Slander gets a vivid expansion: "Thou shalt not go after the slanderous tongue, which is cruel as a sword that killeth with its two edges in uttering false accusations." The double-edged sword metaphor is a Targum addition, portraying gossip as a weapon that destroys both the subject and the speaker.
The prohibition against divination mentions a figure unknown to the Hebrew Bible: the "bone of Jeddua." The Targum warns against those who "bring up the dead, or interrogate the bone of Jeddua"—a necromantic practice involving a specific bone used for divination. This Jeddua bone appears in several Targum passages and reflects folk practices the translators wanted to explicitly ban.
On respecting elders, the Targum adds a crucial qualifier: "You shall rise up before the aged who instruct in the law." Not every elderly person—specifically those who teach Torah. Respect is tied to knowledge, not just years.
The stranger receives the Targum's version of the Golden Rule: "that which is hateful unto thee, thou shalt not do unto him." This negative formulation—do not do what you hate—mirrors the famous saying attributed to Hillel and predates it in written form.
Weights and measures get four categories: "balances of truth, weights of truth, measures of truth, and tankards of truth." Commerce is theology. Cheating your neighbor cheats God.