The Targum repeats, in miniature, the pattern that has already defined Joseph's life. The captain of the prison confided all the prisoners who were in the house to Joseph's hands, and whatsoever was done there he commanded to be done (Genesis 39:22).
The Aramaic phrase he confided — masar, he handed over — is the same language used for what Potiphar had done earlier (Genesis 39:4, 39:6). First the free estate of a senior officer. Now the prison of the king. Both masters reach the same conclusion about the same young man: everything in his hands.
Bereshit Rabbah 87 hears the repetition as a theological point. Joseph does not change when the scenery changes. He does the work that is in front of him with the same care whether he is counting grain for Potiphar or counting inmates for the warden. The righteous, the midrash teaches, are consistent across altitudes. What made him the master of the house is what makes him the master of the prison.
The Targum, redacted in the Land of Israel in the early common era, also shows us how quickly the prison itself bends around a trustworthy man. The captain stops running the facility and simply confirms Joseph's decisions. Whatsoever was done there he commanded to be done — the warden, in practice, has become a signature at the bottom of Joseph's orders. This is not an accident. When a person reliably delivers truth and order in a place that expected neither, the institution reorganizes itself around them.
There is also a pastoral note. In a prison are gathered men in the worst hour of their lives. The chief butler and chief baker, about to appear, will be men ruined by royal anger. Joseph is about to care for them — to notice their troubled faces (Genesis 40:7), to ask about their dreams, to speak words that will one day reach Pharaoh's ear. The warden's trust positions him to be the kind of presence the prison most needed.
The takeaway is quiet. Wherever you find yourself handed a set of keys, the tradition teaches, treat them as if they came from the hand of heaven — because eventually, from heaven, they did.