Another matter, “carve for yourself” – this is what the verse said: “Do not be hasty in your spirit to become angry, as anger abides in the bosom of fools” (Ecclesiastes 7:9). Who was it who became angry? It was Moses, as it is stated: “Moses’ wrath was enflamed and he cast the Tablets from his hands” (Exodus 32:19). The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘So, Moses, do you vent your fury on the Tablets of the covenant? Do you seek that I will vent My fury, and you will see that the world will be unable to endure for even one hour?’ He said to Him: ‘What can I do?’ He said to him: ‘I will impose a penalty on you: You shattered them, you replace them.’ That is what is written: “Carve for you two Tablets of stone.”
Moses Breaks the Tablets in Righteous Anger
Devarim Rabbah 3:14