No Leaven Found in Your Houses but Only Your Own

Mekhilta DeRabbi Shimon Ben Yochai 12:19

"No leaven shall be found in your houses" (Exodus 12:19) - from the general statement "and no leaven shall be seen with you" (Exodus 13:7), one might think that if it were hidden or made ownerless in another city he would not be liable; therefore Scripture says "no leaven shall be found." Or "shall not be found" - even leaven belonging to others or consecrated to the Most High; therefore Scripture says "no leaven shall be seen with you" (Exodus 13:7) - yours you may not see, but you may see leaven of others and of the Most High. And from where to apply what is said of one to the other and what is said of the other to the one? Scripture says "leaven, leaven" for a verbal analogy. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: was it not already included in "it shall not be seen" and "it shall not be found"? What then does "shall not be found" teach? That which is available to you, you must remove; that which is not available to you, you need not remove. From here you say: leaven that fell into a pit, or into a cistern, or into a vat - if dogs and swine can search after it and bring it out, you must remove it; and if not, you need not remove it. A gentile who comes into the house of an Israelite with leaven in his hand - one need not concern himself with it. If the gentile deposited it with him, he must remove it, for it is said "no leaven shall be seen with you." If he set aside a room for him and placed it inside, one need not concern himself with it. "For whoever eats what is leavened" - one might think figs and dates that became leavened on their own would make one liable for them; or, if dough leavened by other agents makes one liable, all the more dough leavened on its own. Therefore Scripture says "leaven" (Exodus 12:15) - just as leaven is distinctively a species of grain, these are excluded, for they are not a species of grain. Rabbi Shimon says: since we have not learned that one is liable to excision for leaven-starter, Scripture says "no leaven shall be seen with you" and "no leaven-starter shall be seen with you" (Exodus 13:7) - just as one is liable for the leaven that shall not be seen, so one is liable to excision for the leaven-starter that shall not be seen. "For whoever eats what is leavened" - from the general statement "for whoever eats leavened bread" (Exodus 12:15), I would know only of dough leavened by others; from where of dough leavened on its own? Scripture says "for whoever eats what is leavened." "That soul shall be cut off" - and not the community. "That one" - not one under compulsion, nor one who acted in error, nor one who was misled. "From the congregation of Israel" - while Israel remains at peace. "Whether a sojourner" - this is the convert. "Or one native-born" - this is the native. "Of the land" - to include all other ownerless things.

Themes