Why Only Israel Brings Peace Offerings to the Altar

Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Tzav 6:1

Another interpretation of (Leviticus 7:11): "And this is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings, etc." This is as Scripture says (Psalms 85:9): "Let me hear what God, the LORD, will speak; for He will speak peace to His people and to His pious ones." The nations of the world said to Balaam: Why did the Holy One, blessed be He, tell Israel to bring Him offerings, and to us He said nothing? Balaam said to them: The offerings are nothing but peace, and whoever received the Torah, in which they are written, must offer an offering. You, from the start, rejected it, and now you seek to offer offerings? The one who received it is the one who offers, as it is said (Psalms 29:11): "The LORD will give strength to His people; the LORD will bless His people with peace." Therefore it is said (Psalms 85:9): "Let me hear what God, the LORD, will speak; for He will speak peace to His people and to His pious ones." What did He speak? (Leviticus 7:11): "And this is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings, etc." Why is it called the sacrifice of peace offerings? Because it makes peace between the altar, and the priests, and Israel. Come and see: the burnt offering was entirely for the flames; and the sin offering—its fats and its sacrificial portions were for the altar, and its skin and flesh for the priests, and Israel had no benefit from it; and likewise the guilt offering. But the thanksgiving offering—its blood and its sacrificial portions were for the altar, and the breast and the thigh for the priests, and its skin and its flesh for Israel. It is thus found to make peace between the altar, and the priests, and Israel. Therefore it is called the sacrifice of peace offerings, for it made peace for all.

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