And He will judge the world with righteousness. Rabbi Levi said: When the Holy One judges the nations, He judges them at night, at the time when they are asleep and free from sin. But when He judges Israel, He judges them at the time when they are engaged in Torah study. Rabbi Alexandri said: Ruth did not arise from the Moabites nor did Obed and his descendants, since they were considered from the side of Judah.
Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: One verse says "and his name was Yeter the Yisraelite" (2 Samuel 17:25), while another verse says "the Yishmaelite" (1 Chronicles 1:31). Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachmani said: His name was Yishmaelite, but he was called Yisraelite because once he entered the study hall and heard the voice of Jesse reciting the verse "Turn to Me and be saved, all the ends of the earth" (Isaiah 45:22).
Immediately he converted and Jesse gave him his daughter in marriage. The sages, however, say that he was called Yisraelite because he sharpened his sword like Yishmael and entered the study hall and said, "Either I will kill or I will be killed, but I will fulfill the words of my teachers." Ammonite but not Ammonitess, Moabite but not Moabitess.