When a Master Knocks Out a Slave's Eye or Tooth

Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 339:2

"And if a man strikes the eye of his slave" and so forth (Exodus 21:26-27). Why was this passage stated? Because it says "and you shall hold them as a possession" and so forth (Leviticus 25:46), I might understand that even if he knocked out the slave's tooth or blinded his eye [there is no consequence]. Therefore Scripture teaches "And if a man strikes the eye of his slave" and so forth, "and if the tooth of his slave" and so forth. So Scripture removes the Canaanite slave from the general rule in order to be lenient to him, that he goes free through the loss of the extremities of his limbs. For this reason the passage was stated. "And if a man strikes the eye of his slave": I have only a man; from where do I learn a woman [who strikes]? Rabbi Ishmael used to say, and so forth. Rabbi Yoshiyah says, and so forth. Rabbi Yonatan says it is not needed, and so forth. Rabbi Eliezer says: Scripture speaks of a Canaanite slave. Or perhaps only of a Hebrew slave? Scripture teaches "of them you may acquire a slave and a maidservant" (Leviticus 25:44). "The eye of his slave": I might understand even if he merely caused a white spot to appear; therefore Scripture teaches "and ruins it" [he must destroy it]. I spoke only of a blow that carries enough to ruin. From here they said: if he struck him over his eye and blinded it, over his ear and deafened it, this one goes free; but [a blow] near his eye so that he cannot see, near his ear so that he cannot hear, this one does not go free. These are the words of Rabbi Chanina ben Gamliel, for it says "and if a man strikes" [meaning] not until he performs a [destructive] act. If he knocked out two teeth at once or blinded two eyes at once, this one goes free and takes nothing more, for Scripture teaches "eye for eye, tooth for tooth" (Exodus 21:24). [But if he injured them] one after the other, he goes free on account of the first and collects damages for the second, for Scripture teaches "in place of his eye, in place of his tooth."

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