The Miracles of the Anointing Oil and Who Is Anointed

Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 388:1

It was taught: Rabbi Yehudah says, many miracles were done with the anointing oil that Moses made in the wilderness from its beginning to its end. At its beginning it was only twelve log, see how much a pot absorbs, how much the roots absorb of it, and how much the fire consumes, and yet with it were anointed the Tabernacle and all its vessels, Aaron and his sons throughout all seven days of consecration, and with it were anointed the high priests and the kings. And even a high priest who is the son of a high priest requires anointing, but a king who is the son of a king is not anointed. If you ask why they anointed Solomon, it was because of the dispute of Adonijah; and Joash because of the dispute of Athaliah; and Jehoahaz because of his brother Jehoiakim, who was older than he by two years. The Master said: even a high priest who is the son of a high priest requires anointing. From where? As it is written, 'and the anointed priest in his stead from among his sons'; let the verse say 'the priest who is in his stead from among his sons'; what is 'the anointed'? Learn from it that he requires anointing. And a king is not anointed, as it is written, 'so that he may prolong his days over his kingdom, he and his sons,' meaning the kingship is an inheritance. And from where do we know that when there is a dispute he requires anointing? Scripture says, 'in the midst of Israel,' meaning when there is peace in Israel. The kings of the house of David are anointed, and the kings of Israel are not anointed; and if you ask why they anointed Jehu son of Nimshi, it was because of the dispute of Joram son of Ahab. Our masters taught: how do they anoint the kings? In the shape of a crown. And the priests? In the shape of a chi, that is, like a Greek kaf. Our masters taught: 'like the precious oil upon the head running down upon the beard, the beard of Aaron' (Psalms 133:2). Like two drops of pearl, the oil hung from Aaron's beard. It was taught: when he spoke, they would rise and settle at the roots of his beard. Concerning this matter Moses was anxious, lest, God forbid, he had misappropriated the anointing oil. A heavenly voice went out and said, 'like the dew of Hermon that falls upon the mountains of Zion' (Psalms 133:3); just as this dew involves no sacrilege, so too here. And still Aaron was anxious, saying, perhaps Moses did not misappropriate, but I have. A heavenly voice went out and said, 'Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brothers to dwell together' (Psalms 133:1); just as Moses did not misappropriate, so too you have not misappropriated. Our masters taught: they anoint kings only by a spring, so that their reign may continue, as it is said, 'And the king said to them, Take with you the servants of your lord... and bring him down to Gihon, and let Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there' (I Kings 1:33-34).

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