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Behemoth and Leviathan Will Feed the Righteous at the End

God made two pairs of monsters, then killed the female Leviathan so the seas could hold. He packed her flesh in salt and waited.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Salt on the Female's Flesh
  2. Horns Against Fins
  3. A Question Over the Knife
  4. The Tent Made of Hide

Before the land was dry and the sea had its borders, God made two monsters. Behemoth ruled the land. Leviathan ruled the sea. Job heard them named from the whirlwind in language that refuses to be tame: Behemoth, whose strength is in his loins, who drinks up a river without haste; and Leviathan, before whom the mighty are afraid, who makes the depths boil like a pot, who leaves behind him a shining wake (Job 40-41).

Behemoth and Leviathan Will Feed the Righteous at the End Click for full size

In the beginning God had made a male and female of both. Then He looked at what He had made and did a calculation. If these two pairs reproduced, the world could not contain them. The ground would split. The sea would climb the hills. So He chose.

Salt on the Female's Flesh

He slew the female Leviathan. Her body was too large for ordinary burial. He packed her flesh in salt and put it away for a future table. The male lived on alone, waiting in the depths, a king without a mate, hunger turning the deep to a boil when he opened his mouth. A fish that swam into those jaws could measure three hundred miles and still vanish. Jordan ran into him as if the river had been aimed.

Behemoth, the male alone, grazed in the mountains of a thousand hills and drank from rivers that took their source from Jordan. He did not hunt cities. He ate and waited. Two bachelors, land and sea, kept apart so the world could stand.

The killing was not rage. It was storage. God had been planning a meal since before the first Sabbath, and the two largest creatures in existence had been waiting their entire lives to be the main course.

Horns Against Fins

At the end of days the waiting ends. Rabbi Yudan bar Rabbi Shimon said the two would fight in front of the righteous. Behemoth would gore Leviathan with his horns. Leviathan would tear at Behemoth with his fins. Each would deal the death blow to the other. Their flesh would become the central provision of the great banquet.

The people who had refused the arenas of Rome, who had not sat through animal fights for sport, would be given this fight instead. Not as entertainment. As inheritance. A man who had turned his face from a circus would stand at the last table and watch horns meet scales, and then he would eat.

Gabriel would try to kill Leviathan and fail. The monster is not a beast an angel can finish. God Himself would have to step in, or let the land-beast and the sea-beast finish each other. Either way the righteous would not go hungry. The creatures too large for the world to hold in ordinary time would become, at the end of ordinary time, exactly the right size for one meal.

A Question Over the Knife

In a study hall, later, a sage did not let the feast proceed without raising a hand. How could the meat be eaten? Ordinary slaughter requires a throat cut with a sharp blade in a precise way. Leviathan's scales sit so tight that no air passes between them, shields fused, impenetrable. No human wrist could open that neck. Horns and fins are not a knife.

"For a new Torah will emerge from Me," God said, in the mouth of Rabbi Avin bar Kahana, reading Isaiah (Isaiah 51:4). The ordinary rules of the kitchen would not bind the last kitchen. Another voice said the mutual killing itself would count, because the Holy One had arranged the blows. They argued as if the banquet were next week and the meat already on the block. That seriousness was the point they would not drop: the last meal was still a meal, and meals have law, until God writes a new line.

Anyone who had kept from unslaughtered carcasses in this world would sit at that table. The feast was not a prize for appetite. It was a prize for refusal.

The Tent Made of Hide

The tradition did not stop at the plate. The skin of Leviathan would be stretched into a great tent over the banquet, shade for the righteous gathering underneath. What could not shelter a normal-sized world would be exactly the right size to cover the people at the end of time. Remaining hide would light the walls of Jerusalem. A girdle, a chain, a necklace, cut from the same monster who had boiled the deep.

"You crushed the heads of Leviathan; You gave him as food to the people inhabiting the wilderness" (Psalm 74:14). The present giving had been a foreshadowing of the final giving. Even the creatures too large to be in the world during ordinary hours had a destination. God had not conquered a rival. God had made a livestock plan that spanned the whole of time, and salted the first half of it in advance.

Job, standing in the ash, had been asked if he could catch Leviathan with a fishhook, if it would beg for mercy, if he could play with it like a bird. He could not. The questions were not taunts only. They were a description of livestock God still held, reserved, waiting for a table Job had not yet seen.


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From the tradition

Sources

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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Vayikra Rabbah 13:3Vayikra Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

As Rav teaches us, the mitzvot (commandments) were given to Israel to refine us, to elevate us. Why? "He is a shield for all who rely on Him" (Proverbs 30:5). Because God protects those who rely on Him, He gave Israel mitzvot in order to refine them and make them fit for the World to Come. It’s about becoming our best selves, prepared for something truly amazing.

Speaking of the World to Come…get this.

Rabbi Yudan ben Rabbi Shimon paints a vivid picture. He says that the Behemoth and the Leviathan, these mythical beasts of immense power, will engage in an epic battle before the righteous in the future! It's like the ultimate showdown! And anyone who didn't go to the really horrible ancient Roman animal fights in this world (and let's be honest, who wants to see that kind of cruelty?) will merit seeing this one in the World to Come.

So, how does this cosmic clash go down? Well, the Behemoth will supposedly stab the Leviathan with its horns, tearing it open. And the Leviathan? It'll smash the Behemoth with its fins and stab it to death. It's… intense.

But wait a minute. Here's where it gets even more interesting. The Sages ask a crucial question: is this even kosher? Is this a valid ritual slaughter, a proper shechita? I mean, we learn in the Mishna Ḥullin (1:2) that there are specific rules about slaughtering animals. You can’t use just anything. No serrated sickles, no saws, no animal teeth, no fingernails – because those methods strangle the animal, causing undue suffering.

So, how can this celestial battle result in kosher meat?

Rabbi Avin bar Kahana offers a stunning answer. The Holy One, blessed be He, says: "For [a new] Torah will emerge from Me" (Isaiah 51:4). A novel Torah ruling, a new law, will emerge from Me! The conventional laws regarding ritual slaughter will be temporarily suspended.! Even the rules we hold so dear can be superseded by God's will in the ultimate future.

Rabbi Berekhya, citing Rabbi Yitzḥak, takes it a step further. The Holy One, blessed be He, is destined to make a feast for His righteous servants in the future. And here's the kicker: anyone who didn't partake of unslaughtered carcasses – meaning animals that died in any way other than ritual slaughter, which are forbidden to us – in this world will be privileged to partake in it in the World to Come!

It all comes back to our choices here and now.

That’s what's hinted at in (Leviticus 7:24): "And the fat of an unslaughtered carcass and the fat of a mauled animal may be used for all labor; but you shall not eat it [ve’akhol lo tokheluhu]." The doubling of the word "eat" – lo tokheluhu – is significant. As the commentary Matnot Kehuna explains, in order to eat of the feast in the World to Come, one must refrain from eating forbidden foods in this world. That's why Moses cautions Israel: "These are the living beings that you may eat" (Leviticus 11:2). It’s a preparation, a training, for the ultimate reward.

So, what does it all mean? It means that the mitzvot, the challenges, the restrictions, they aren't just arbitrary rules. They're shaping us. They're preparing us for a future beyond our wildest imaginations, a future where even the laws of nature, the laws of kashrut, can be transformed. It's a future worth striving for, a future that begins with the choices we make today. What will you choose?

Full source
Jewish Encyclopedia, "Leviathan and Behemoth" (1906)Jewish Encyclopedia (1901-1906)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Jewish Encyclopedia, 1901-1906 · Public Domain

"Behemoth" denotes the hippopotamus, though the Biblical description contains mythical elements suggesting these were not ordinary animals. The creatures appear in Job xl, where behemoth is described as "the first of the ways of God" and leviathan as the unconquerable king of water creatures, while behemoth rules the land animals.

Scholar Gunkel proposes these monsters corresponded to figures in Babylonian mythology. Tiamat (the abyss) and Kingu (a serpent), representing primeval cosmic forces rather than realistic beasts.

In rabbinic tradition, God originally created both male and female leviathans but slew the female to prevent world destruction. Her flesh was reserved for the righteous at the Messiah's coming.

The Talmud describes the leviathan's immense size through a parable: a fish entering "the jaws of the leviathan" measures three hundred miles in length. When hungry, the creature releases heat making "all the waters of the deep boil." Its Mediterranean habitat receives Jordan's waters directly into its mouth.

The leviathan's body, particularly its eyes, supposedly possessed great illuminating power. However, despite supernatural strength, it feared a tiny worm called "kilbit" that kills large fish.

Rabbinic literature emphasizes the leviathan's role in messianic times. A great banquet will serve the creature's flesh to the righteous at resurrection. Those abstaining from pagan sports will enjoy hunting both leviathan and behemoth.

Gabriel would attempt killing the monster, though God's divine intervention would be necessary. One tradition describes leviathan battling "the ox of the mountain," resulting in mutual destruction.

The leviathan's hide would provide practical items: tents for the pious, girdles, chains, and necklaces. Remaining hide would illuminate Jerusalem's walls with brilliant light.

Commentators interpret these narratives allegorically. Maimonides understood the banquet as representing "spiritual enjoyment of the intellect." He derived the name from a root meaning "to join" or "unite," designating an imaginary composite monster combining various animal features.

Cabalistic interpreters identified the "piercing leviathan" and "crooked leviathan" with Satan-Samael (the angel of death) and Lilith. Others, including Kimchi and Abravanel, understood these expressions as referencing destruction of forces hostile to Jews.

The Book of Enoch describes leviathan and behemoth as monsters produced on the day of judgment, the female leviathan dwelling in ocean depths, the male behemoth occupying a wilderness east of paradise where the righteous dwell.

According to II Esdras, both monsters were created on the fifth day and separated because waters couldn't contain them together. Behemoth received the dried land with thousand mountains providing sustenance; leviathan received the water-filled seventh part of earth.

The Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch predicts these creatures emerging from seclusion to serve as food for survivors during Messianic times.

A third creature, the "ziz" (a gigantic bird from (Psalm 1:1)1), supplemented the messianic banquet alongside behemoth and leviathan. This tripartite tradition reflects Persian Zoroastrian cosmology, which featured primeval representatives of animal classes. Zoroastrian parallels include the Kar fish (leviathan), three-legged ass Khara (behemoth predecessor), ox Hadhayosh, and bird Chamrosh.

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