Parshat Noach4 min read

Noah Stepped Off the Ark and Divided the Whole Earth Among His Sons

The flood had emptied the world. Noah's sons reached into his chest and drew lots for every coast and mountain that was left.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Writing in His Chest
  2. They Swore Not to Seize a Border
  3. The Vines on Lubar
  4. The Earth Filled Along the Lines

The mountain still smelled of wet wood and pitch.

Noah Stepped Off the Ark and Divided the Whole Earth Among His Sons Click for full size

Noah came down from the ark onto Lubar, one of the peaks of Ararat, and built an altar before he built a house. He took from every clean beast and every clean bird and offered them. Smoke went up over a world with no neighbors in it. God smelled the offering and set a bow in the cloud. The ground was his again, and it was empty.

The Writing in His Chest

Then he did the thing the flood had made necessary. He divided the earth.

He wrote the portions. He placed the writing in his bosom. His three sons stood in front of him and put their hands into his garment and drew the lots out, one by one, and read them aloud.

Shem's lot came first: the middle of the earth, from the range of Rafa and the river Tina toward the west, the navel of the world, the land where an altar would still matter. Ham received the south, heat and long coasts. Japheth received the north, cold seas and inner mountains. Each portion was named down to waters and ranges, as if a map could keep brothers from becoming enemies.

They Swore Not to Seize a Border

The sons divided their shares again among their own boys. Gomer, Magog, and the rest of Japheth's line took strips of the north. Ham's line took the land toward the Red Sea and India and Susan. Shem's line kept the middle. They bound themselves by an oath. A curse sat on anyone who would come and seize a lot that had not come out of Noah's chest for him.

The flood had erased every older claim. This writing was meant to be the first new one. Not conquest. Not luck. A drawing from a father's clothes after the water went down. They swore. They ate. The empty earth had owners again.

Noah looked at the boys who had walked out of the ark with him. He had been saved, the old verse said, because descendants would need ground to stand on. The lots were for those children. He was a man handing the world to sons he had kept alive in a box of gopher wood.

The Vines on Lubar

In the seventh week of that jubilee, on the same mountain where the ark had rested, Noah planted vines.

The vines took. He made wine. He drank. He uncovered himself inside his tent, a man who had seen the world die and who now could not sit upright in his own house. Ham went in and saw him. What passed in that tent the Torah will not say cleanly. Noah woke, knew what his youngest son had done, and cursed Canaan, Ham's son, to be a servant of servants to his brothers (Genesis 9:24-25).

The man who had just assigned continents by lot could not keep peace inside one tent. Shem and Japheth walked backward with a garment and covered their father without looking. The curse went to Canaan anyway. The first map of the world was drawn in the morning. By night the family that was supposed to honor it had already split.

The Earth Filled Along the Lines

Noah lived three hundred and fifty years after the flood. He watched the tents multiply. He watched his sons' children walk out toward the portions the writing had named. The oath was supposed to make seizing unnecessary. People seized anyway.

The writing had come out of his bosom. Hands had taken it. Mouths had sworn. A vineyard had then undone the dignity of the man who wrote it. The earth stayed divided along those lines, not because men kept the oath well, but because the lots had been drawn when there were only three names left to receive them.

On Lubar the altar stones cooled. The ark weathered. The vines kept making wine. The borders the writing named outlived the tent.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Book of Jubilees 8:19Book of Jubilees

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria Community Translation · CC-BY

How did they decide who got what?

Well, the Book of Jubilees, a fascinating ancient Jewish text considered canonical by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, gives us a glimpse into that very moment. It tells us that Shem, Ham, and Japheth, Noah's sons, reached out and took a document from their father’s chest. A document that would determine their destinies.

Think about the gravity of that moment. The weight of the world, literally, in their hands.

The text reveals that Shem's lot, his designated territory, was the middle of the earth. And it wasn't just any plot of land. It was meant to be his inheritance, and his sons' inheritance, "for the generations of eternity." The Book of Jubilees specifies that this territory stretched from the middle of the mountain range of Râfâ, a location debated by scholars but likely in the ancient Near East, all the way to the mouth of the water from the river Tînâ.

And where did this portion go? It extended westward, cutting right through the middle of the river, until it reached the water of the abysses, the source from which the river flowed.

Now, identifying these specific geographical locations is a challenge. Some scholars try to equate the river Tînâ with rivers in Mesopotamia or the Levant. The details are, admittedly, a little hazy. But the core idea is powerful: Shem's portion was central, vital, and divinely ordained.

What's truly striking is the sense of permanence and divine planning baked into this ancient account. It wasn't just a land grab; it was a divinely sanctioned distribution, a blueprint for the future of humanity. And while we may not know exactly where these boundaries lie on a modern map, the story resonates with the deep human need to understand our place in the world, and the origins of our inheritance.

The echoes of ancient agreements, the weight of history, all flowing from moments like this one, when a father divided a world among his sons.

Full source
Book of Jubilees 7:1Book of Jubilees

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria Community Translation · CC-BY

Book of Jubilees turns to What Noah Did After Leaving the Ark.

The Book of Jubilees, sometimes called Lesser Genesis, is a fascinating ancient Jewish text that expands on the stories in Genesis. It's considered apocryphal by some, canonical by others (like the Ethiopian Orthodox Church), and it offers a unique perspective on early biblical history.

So, what does Jubilees tell us?

Well, chapter 7 opens with Noah getting his hands dirty. It says, "And in the seventh week in the first year thereof, in this jubilee, Noah planted vines on the mountain on which the ark had rested, named Lûbâr, one of the Ararat Mountains."

Okay, let's unpack that a little. A “jubilee” refers to a specific period of time – in this case, a 49-year cycle (seven weeks of years). So, very specifically, in the first year of the first jubilee after the flood, Noah begins to cultivate the land.

And where does he do this? On Mount Lûbâr, one of the mountains in the Ararat range, where the ark finally came to rest. Imagine the scene: the waters have receded, the earth is beginning to heal, and Noah, the patriarch, is planting vines.

Why vines, though? What’s the significance?

Well, vineyards are a symbol of civilization, of settling down, of taking the raw materials of the earth and cultivating them into something…more. It's a powerful image of renewal and a fresh start for humanity. Noah isn’t just surviving; he’s actively rebuilding and shaping the world anew.

This simple line from Jubilees speaks volumes about Noah's role not just as a survivor, but as a founder, a pioneer. He’s not just waiting for instructions; he’s taking initiative. He’s taking the first steps, literally planting the seeds of a new world.

Full source
Bereshit Rabbah 29:5Bereshit Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

Do we receive blessings because of our ancestors' good deeds? readers often hear that the Holy One, blessed be He, shows kindness to descendants because of the merit of their ancestors. It’s a common thread woven throughout the entire pattern of the Bible.

What about the other way around? Can our actions today somehow benefit those who came before us? Can we, in a sense, retroactively earn merit for our ancestors?

Rabbi Simon, in Bereshit Rabbah 29, throws a fascinating twist into the mix. He asks, how do we know that God performs kindness with the progenitor, the ancestor, because of the merit of his descendants?

Where do we even find that idea?

Well, Rabbi Simon points to the story of Noah. Remember Noah? "But Noah found favor in the eyes of the Lord" (Genesis 6:8). Now, why did Noah find favor? What was so special about him at that moment?

Rabbi Simon suggests it wasn’t just about Noah himself. He argues that Noah was saved "due to the merit of his descendants." As the very next verse states, "These are the offspring of Noah." It was in the merit of his future generations that Noah was saved from the flood. Noah, spared from utter destruction, not necessarily for who he was at that moment, but for who his descendants would be. It’s a powerful idea.

It suggests a profound interconnectedness between generations. A reciprocal relationship where merit flows not just down the family tree, but also up it.

Perhaps it’s a call to recognize the weight of our actions, not just for ourselves and our children, but for those who came before. Maybe it’s an invitation to live in a way that honors our ancestors and brings blessing to their memory.

And maybe, just maybe, it offers a little comfort, knowing that even our smallest acts of kindness can ripple through time, bringing favor not only to ourselves, but to those who paved the way for us.

Full source
Book of Jubilees 9:11Book of Jubilees

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria Community Translation · CC-BY

Book of Jubilees turns to The Ancient Division of Lands Among Nations.

The Book of Jubilees, which some consider part of the Jewish apocrypha or pseudepigrapha, fills in gaps in the Genesis story, often with intriguing and elaborate details. It claims to reveal "the division of the days of the Law, of the Testimony, of the events of the years, of their weeks, of their jubilees" (Jubilees 1:1). It paints a picture of how the Earth was divvied up amongst Noah's sons after the flood.

Specifically, Here, the narrative focuses on the portions allocated to Japheth, one of Noah’s three sons (the other two being Shem and Ham). According to Jubilees, Japheth received a vast territory.

The text gets wonderfully… specific. It speaks of "the whole land of India, and on the Red Sea on its coast, and the waters of Dêdân, and all the mountains of Mebrî and ’Êlâ, and all the land of Sûsân and all that is on the side of Pharnâk to the Red Sea and the river Tînâ.” These aren’t exactly places you learn about in modern geography class, are they? Trying to pin down the exact locations mentioned can be a bit of a puzzle, a task for dedicated historical geographers!

But let’s not get too bogged down in the specifics. The overall idea is what matters. Japheth's inheritance stretched across a considerable swathe of the ancient world, encompassing lands near India, the Red Sea, and areas that would later be associated with Persia.

And the divisions didn't stop with Japheth himself! The Book of Jubilees goes on to describe how Japheth further divided his land among his own sons. “And Japheth also divided the land of his inheritance amongst his sons.”

So, what did Gomer and Magog get?

"And the first portion came forth for Gomer to the east from the north side to the river Tînâ." Again, the river Tînâ appears as a boundary marker. And "in the north there came forth for Magog all the inner portions of the north until it reacheth to the sea of Mê’at."

While pinpointing the precise location of the sea of Mê’at is difficult, we see Magog receiving the northern regions. This is significant, because in later Jewish tradition, Magog becomes associated with fierce, often barbaric peoples from the far north, a land of mystery and potential threat. Think of Gog and Magog from the Book of Ezekiel, figures often linked to apocalyptic scenarios.

Why does this matter? Why should we care about these ancient land divisions? Well, it shows us how ancient cultures understood their place in the world, how they mapped not just physical space, but also their own history and destiny onto the landscape. These weren't just lines on a map; they were the boundaries of identity, of belonging, of fate. The Book of Jubilees provides a unique window into that worldview, a world where divine decree and geographical reality were intimately intertwined. It's a reminder that even the most seemingly mundane details of our world can hold profound meaning, if we only know how to look.

Full source