Parshat Vayeshev5 min read

Potiphar's Wife Spent a Year Before She Grabbed the Cloak

The second eunuch paid eighty gold pieces and lied that it had been a hundred. Joseph saw the cheat and kept his mouth shut.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. She Paid Gold Before He Crossed the Door
  2. A Year of Closed Rooms
  3. The Day of the Great Judgment
  4. He Broke Through the Door
  5. She Chose the Hour He Could Not Answer
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She Paid Gold Before He Crossed the Door

The Ishmaelite merchants had a Hebrew slave in the line, and Potiphar's wife did not wait for chance to bring him to her house. She sent a eunuch to buy him. The traders named a price that made the first eunuch turn around empty-handed. She sent a second man with orders that left no room to haggle. One mina of gold, even two. Pay it. Bring the slave.

The second eunuch handed over eighty pieces of gold. He told his mistress he had paid a hundred. Joseph watched the lie land and said nothing, so the eunuch would not be put to shame in the courtyard. He was already a slave. He would not add another man's disgrace to the ledger of the house that now owned him.

Potiphar set him over the accounts, the stores, the fields. The Word of the Lord was Joseph's helper, and the house prospered. Potiphar took no knowledge of anything except the wife with whom he lay. Joseph was of goodly form. She had paid for that form. She looked at it every day.

A Year of Closed Rooms

She asked him. He refused. She asked again the next day. He would not listen. A year went by like that. Three hundred and sixty-five days of a woman who controlled his schedule, his food, his movement, and the doors he walked through. She could have had him beaten on a word. She could have sold him. She could have had him killed. The power ran entirely in her direction.

He still refused.

"Lie with me," she said, in rooms where no servant had been posted. He kept a space between their bodies the width of a master's trust. "How can I do this great wickedness, and become guilty before the Lord?" He named the house that had been put in his hand. He named the one thing Potiphar had not given him. He would not take it.

The Day of the Great Judgment

She spoke to him this day and the next. He would not hearken, lest with her he should be condemned in the day of the great judgment of the world to come. That was the argument that held. Not the fear of Potiphar's whip. Not the fear of a rumor in the market. He saw himself standing later, when every closed room is open, and he would not build his life in Egypt on a betrayal that would still be waiting for him there.

The Word of the Lord had been his helper in the granaries and in the fields. He would not spend that help on a secret the house already knew how to hide. He kept the tablets of the accounts. He kept the keys. He kept his body out of her reach for a full year while she learned that asking would never be enough.

Then she stopped asking.

He Broke Through the Door

It was a festival day. Potiphar was gone, as she had known he would be. Joseph entered the house to examine the tablets of his accounts, and there was no man of the house within. She closed the doors. She embraced him and held him fast, so that he would have to lie with her or tear himself out of his own garment.

He left the cloak in her hands and broke through the door and fled into the street. Outside. Air. The year of pressure still on his skin, and the garment gone. She held the proof she needed. She called the men of the house back from the festival noise and lifted her voice.

"See this, which the Hebrew man hath done, whom your master hath brought to mock us. He came in to lie with me, and I cried with a high voice." She let the garment remain until his master came into his house. The cloak did the talking she had failed to do for a year.

She Chose the Hour He Could Not Answer

Potiphar came home and found her in low spirits. The cause was chagrin at a year that had ended in a slammed door, but she pretended it was anger at the slave. She chose the hour of conjugal intimacy, when she was certain of her influence, and she poured the charge into that hour.

"O husband, mayest thou not live a day longer, if thou dost not punish the wicked slave that hath desired to defile thy bed." She reminded him who Joseph had been when he arrived, and what bounty the house had poured on him. She said the design had been laid on the festival, when the master would be absent. Potiphar's anger burned.

He did not kill Joseph. He had the authority and the motive. A man who believed his wife had been attacked by a slave in his own house would normally have executed the slave. He threw Joseph in prison instead. The cell took him. The cloak stayed in the house. The year she had spent trying to own him ended with a locked door of a different kind, and the Word of the Lord went into the prison after him.


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From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Book of Jubilees 39:11Book of Jubilees

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria Community Translation · CC-BY

It's one of those ancient Jewish texts, considered apocryphal (meaning not part of the official canon) by some, but absolutely brimming with fascinating details and expansions on the stories we find in the Hebrew Bible. It's like a peek behind the curtain of biblical narratives.

Our scene? It’s Potiphar's house in Egypt. The protagonist? None other than Joseph, that dreamer of dreams, the favorite son of Jacob, who's now found himself sold into slavery. Things are already complicated. So, Joseph is working in Potiphar's household, and he's doing remarkably well. He’s blessed, he’s capable, and he quickly rises through the ranks. Potiphar trusts him implicitly.

Potiphar's wife, well, she takes a liking to Joseph. A very strong liking. And she starts making advances. Now, the Book of Jubilees, in chapter 39, paints a pretty vivid picture. It says, "And she besought him for a year, but he refused and would not listen." A YEAR! The constant… temptation?

Joseph stays strong. He refuses. Time and time again.

But Potiphar's wife isn't one to give up easily. According to Jubilees, "she embraced him and held him fast in the house in order to force him to lie with her, and closed the doors of the house and held him fast..." Talk about intense! She's not just flirting; she's physically restraining him, trying to force him.

What does Joseph do? He makes a split-second decision. "…but he left his garment in her hands and broke through the door and fled without from her presence." He literally tears himself away, leaving a piece of himself behind – his garment – to escape the situation. His reputation, his position, everything is on the line.

Now, think about this for a second. It's not just about physical escape. It's about escaping a moral compromise. Joseph chooses his integrity, his relationship with God, over everything else.

Of course, the story doesn't end there.

The scorned woman, rejected and possibly embarrassed, retaliates. And this is where it gets really ugly. "And the woman saw that he would not lie with her, and she calumniated him in the presence of his lord, saying: 'Thy Hebrew servant, whom thou lovest, sought to force me so that he might lie with me; and it came to pass when I lifted up my voice that he fled and left his garment in my hands when I held him, and he brake through the door.'"

She accuses Joseph of the very thing she tried to do to him! She uses his virtue against him. She twists the story to make him look like the aggressor.

And Potiphar? He believes her. Joseph, despite his innocence, is thrown into prison.

It's a heartbreaking turn of events. Joseph does the right thing, and he's punished for it.

But here's the thing. Even in prison, Joseph's character shines through. He doesn't become bitter or vengeful. He maintains his integrity. And ultimately, it's this integrity, this unwavering commitment to doing what's right, that leads to his eventual redemption.

The story of Joseph and Potiphar's wife, as told in the Book of Jubilees, is a powerful reminder that doing the right thing isn't always easy. It can come at a cost. But in the long run, it's our integrity, our commitment to our values, that truly defines us.

So, the next time you're faced with a difficult choice, remember Joseph. Remember his courage, his integrity, and his unwavering faith. And remember that even in the darkest of times, doing the right thing is always worth it.

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Legends of the Jews 1:89Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

The familiar version gives us the broad strokes from the Torah: jealous brothers, a pit, some traders, and boom – he's in Potiphar's house. But the details… oh, the details are where the magic truly lies.

Let's rewind to that pivotal moment when Joseph is being sold off by the Ishmaelites. The Bible tells us they sold him, but it doesn’t give us the play-by-play. That’s where the legends step in to fill the gaps.

Potiphar's wife, a powerful woman used to getting what she wants. According to Ginzberg's retelling in Legends of the Jews, she was keenly interested in acquiring Joseph. She couldn’t just waltz over to the Ishmaelites herself. That wouldn't be proper. So, she sends a eunuch as her agent.

The first attempt doesn't go as planned. The Ishmaelites, those shrewd traders, are asking for a ridiculously high price. The eunuch returns, defeated. But Potiphar's wife? She's not giving up so easily.

She dispatches a second eunuch, this time with very specific instructions: "Don't haggle! Whatever they ask – one mina of gold, two minae – just pay it. Bring me that slave!" Now, a mina was a substantial sum, a considerable weight of precious metal. This wasn't a casual purchase.

The second eunuch, determined to succeed, manages to strike a deal. He hands over eighty pieces of gold for Joseph. But here's where it gets interesting. When he returns to his mistress, he inflates the price, claiming he paid a hundred pieces. Why? Perhaps to appear more diligent, or perhaps to pocket the difference.

And Joseph? He witnesses the deception. He sees the eunuch trying to scam his mistress. But what does he do? He stays silent. He keeps the secret, according to Legends of the Jews, so that the eunuch wouldn't be shamed. It's a small detail, but it speaks volumes about Joseph's character, even in this incredibly difficult situation. Sold into slavery, far from home, witnessing dishonesty… and yet, Joseph chooses compassion. He chooses to protect someone else's dignity, even at his own expense.

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Targum Jonathan on Genesis 39Targum Jonathan

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Public Domain

The story of Joseph and Potiphar's wife in Genesis 39 is already tense. The Targum Jonathan ratchets the tension higher by adding theological motives, divine intervention, and a trial scene with behind-the-scenes maneuvering that the Hebrew original never mentions.

The most significant change is the Targum's repeated use of a specific phrase: "the Word of the Lord was Joseph's Helper." This appears four times in the chapter, replacing the Hebrew Bible's simpler "the Lord was with Joseph" (Genesis 39:2). The Aramaic Memra, the divine Word, is a theological concept the Targum uses to describe how God interacts with the physical world. Joseph's success in Egypt is not presented as natural talent or luck. It is direct divine assistance, mediated through the Memra.

When Potiphar's wife propositions Joseph, the Targum adds a motive for his refusal that goes beyond moral principle. He refused, the text says, "lest with her he should be condemned in the day of the great judgment of the world to come." This is not in Genesis at all. The Aramaic translators inserted the concept of an afterlife judgment, giving Joseph's refusal an eschatological dimension. He was not just avoiding sin. He was avoiding damnation.

The Targum also changes what Joseph was doing when he entered the house that fateful day. (Genesis 39:11) says vaguely that he came "to do his work." The Targum specifies: he came "to examine the tablets of his accounts." He was doing bookkeeping. This mundane detail makes the scene more vivid and strips away any suggestion that Joseph came looking for trouble.

The most dramatic addition comes at the end. Where Genesis simply says Potiphar threw Joseph in prison in anger, the Targum reveals that Potiphar first "took counsel of the priests," and these priests determined that Joseph should not be executed. This explains a longstanding puzzle: why would a master not kill a slave accused of assaulting his wife? The answer, according to the Targum, is that a priestly tribunal intervened and commuted the sentence. They may have suspected the truth. Joseph was sent to prison, not the executioner's block, because the evidence did not add up.

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Legends of the Jews 1:131Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

Legends of the Jews turns to Joseph Resists Potiphar's Wife and Pays the Price.

Potiphar comes home, and what does he find? His wife in despair. Now, the real reason for her mood, as Ginzberg explains in Legends of the Jews, is that she's heartbroken and humiliated that Joseph didn't reciprocate her affections. But she can't very well tell her husband that, can she?

Instead, she concocts a story. A story of betrayal and attempted defilement. She accuses Joseph, saying, "O husband, mayest thou not live a day longer, if thou dost not punish the wicked slave that hath desired to defile thy bed!" Pretty She claims he forgot his place, forgot the kindness Potiphar had shown him, and plotted to take advantage of her. A dark tale.

Get this – she delivers this accusation at a very specific moment: “at the moment of conjugal intimacy with Potiphar.” She knows that at this moment, she holds the most sway over him. It’s a calculated move, designed to ensure Potiphar’s anger is fully ignited. Think about the power dynamics at play here.

How often are we swayed by emotion, by carefully crafted narratives, instead of the truth? And how easily can a person's reputation be destroyed by a single, well-placed lie? Joseph’s story is a powerful reminder to look beyond the surface and question the stories we're told. After all, as we'll see, this is just the beginning of Joseph's trials.

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