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A Butcher Shared Paradise With Rabbi Joshua Ben Levi

He washed his parents' faces before he opened the shop. Joshua ben Levi had asked Elijah for a name. The name was a butcher.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Faces Washed Before the Shop Opened
  2. Two Jesters at the Market Edge
  3. The Cask in the Corner
  4. Nanas Gave the Bride Away

"Who will sit beside me in the World to Come?" Rabbi Joshua ben Levi asked. He did not ask if he would get in. He asked for a name.

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Elijah did not give him a sage from the academy. He named a butcher in a certain town.

Joshua ben Levi closed his mouth and went. He was a sage of the third century who had spoken with Elijah before, and with the Angel of Death besides. He was not used to being sent to a shop.

Faces Washed Before the Shop Opened

He found the man at a block with a knife. Blood on the sleeves. Coins on the wood. Customers calling for shoulder and shank. Nothing around him glowed. No one in the street pointed and said, There goes a man of the World to Come.

Joshua ben Levi stood through a morning and an afternoon. He came back before dawn.

The butcher was not at the block. He was at home. He heated water. He bathed his father's face. He bathed his mother's face. He combed their hair, which had gone thin. He fed them with his own hands, slow, because their mouths no longer took a spoon the way they used to. He straightened the blanket. Then he wiped his hands, took his knife, and opened the shop.

He did it the next morning. And the morning after that. He did not look around to see if a rabbi stood in the doorway. Kibud av va-em (כיבוד אב ואם), honor of father and mother, was not a performance. It was the first work of the day, done in a room with no audience.

Joshua ben Levi went back to Elijah.

"I saw him," he said.

"Then you know," Elijah said.

Two Jesters at the Market Edge

Another day Elijah stood in a marketplace with Rabbi Beroka of Be Hozai and let the crowd pour past. Beroka asked the question Joshua had asked in different words. Is there anyone here for the World to Come?

Elijah looked at the stalls and the buyers and the men arguing over weights. He pointed at no one.

Then two men came in at the edge of the market, late, laughing at something that had happened on the road. Elijah pointed at them.

Beroka stopped them. He wanted a tractate, a fast, a hidden night of study. They told him they were jesters. When they saw a man sunk so deep in grief that his friends had stepped away, they went over and made him laugh. When they saw two people locked in a quarrel, they put a joke between them until the quarrel had nowhere to stand.

No academy. No title. Two men who walked into other people's worst hours and did not leave them there.

Elijah had pointed across a crowded market the way he had named a butcher.

The Cask in the Corner

In another town a woman had a name for piety. She came to every birth. She stood by the bed. She prayed aloud. The babies came slowly, and some did not come. People began to whisper, then to doubt their own whispering, because she was always there, always praying.

One day she left a boy alone in her house. He heard a noise from a cask in the corner. He lifted the lid. Inside were bundles of spells, each tied to a birth in the town. She had not been hurrying the deliveries. She had been holding them. Then she would go home, loosen a knot, and return as if her prayer had done the work.

They drove her out. The boy stood with the lid in his hands and the spells broken by the air.

Her piety had been a costume. The butcher's piety had been a basin of warm water at dawn, with no one to praise it.

Nanas Gave the Bride Away

A pious man dreamed that his companion in Paradise would be Nanas the butcher. He woke grieved. He went to see the man. People told him Nanas gave away half of what he owned. That was not enough for him. He pressed.

At last Nanas told him the thing he had not advertised. Years back he had ransomed a young girl carried off captive. She grew up in his house. He betrothed her to his own son. At the feast a young guest sat weeping and did not eat.

Nanas took him aside. The young man said the girl had been promised to him before the capture. Nanas walked back into the room and broke his son's match with his own mouth. He married the girl to the man who had been weeping. He loaded them with gifts and sent them home.

The pious man stopped being grieved.

Joshua ben Levi had wanted a name that matched his own rank. Heaven kept handing him tradesmen, jesters, and a butcher who could walk away from a wedding he had paid for. The knife stayed on the block. The faces got washed. The shop opened on time.


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From the tradition

Sources

3 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Gaster, The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924), no. 323 (Codex Gaster 185)The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Exempla of the Rabbis, Moses Gaster (1924) · PD-US-pre-1929

Joshua b. Levi enquired who would be his companion in Paradise. He was told a certain butcher. He found out that he was good to his parents in secret.

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Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 413Exempla of the Rabbis (Gaster, 1924)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Exempla of the Rabbis, Moses Gaster (1924) · Public Domain

Rabbi Beroka of Be Hozai once stood in the market of Be Lapat beside the prophet Elijah, and he asked whether anyone in that crowded place was destined for the World to Come. This story, preserved in the Babylonian Talmud (Taanit 21b), turns on a surprising answer. Elijah first pointed to no one, then indicated two brothers who soon arrived. Rabbi Beroka pressed them about their deeds, expecting feats of scholarship or visible piety, and instead heard something humble and ordinary.

The two men explained that they were jesters who cheered up the sorrowful. When they saw a person sunk in grief, they lifted that person's spirits; when they saw two people quarreling, they made peace between them by turning the bitterness into laughter. The rabbis who shaped this teaching insist that such men, who guard the dignity and the joy of their neighbors, share in the reward of the righteous tzaddik, even though they hold no rank in the academy.

Bringing peace between quarreling people is counted among the deeds whose fruit a person enjoys in this world while the principal remains for the World to Come, as the Sages taught in the Mishnah (Peah 1:1). The cheerful peacemaker, anonymous in the crowd, is precisely the one Elijah singles out, teaching that hidden kindness outweighs visible honor.

Full source
Gaster, Exempla no. 412 (Nissim, Hibbur Yafeh)The Exempla of the Rabbis (1924)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Exempla of the Rabbis, Moses Gaster (1924) · PD-US-pre-1929

A woman in a certain town had a reputation for extraordinary piety. She visited every household in which a woman had gone into labor. She prayed by the bedside. She comforted the mother. She stayed until the baby was delivered, though more often than not, the baby came very slowly or not at all. People began to whisper that her prayers were not working.

One day she visited a home where a young boy was left alone in a back room. He heard a strange noise coming from a cask in the corner. He lifted the lid. Inside the cask he found a cluster of kishufim, witchcraft spells, each tied to a specific name, each restraining a woman in childbirth somewhere in the town. He understood at once. When the boy broke the spells open, every woman in labor in that town was delivered. The community drove the witch out. Her prayers had been the spell that prevented the birth, and her presence at the bedside had only been her waiting to see her handiwork at its cruelest.

The Exempla pairs this story with another. A pious man was told in a dream that his companion in Paradise would be Nanas the butcher. The pious man went to find Nanas, sure there must be some great secret merit. Nanas said he gave away half his income to charity. The pious man was not satisfied. At last Nanas remembered one incident. Long ago he had ransomed a young captive girl, raised her in his house, and betrothed her to his son. At the wedding feast, a young man among the guests wept without stopping. Nanas asked why. The young man confessed that the girl had been engaged to him before she was captured. Nanas immediately canceled his own son's wedding, married the girl to her true betrothed, gave them rich gifts, and sent them home. That was the deed, drawn from the collection of Rabbi Nissim of Kairouan's Hibbur Yafeh, that had bought him a place in Paradise. A witch's piety and a butcher's generosity, seen side by side, teach the same lesson. The scale knows the difference.

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