Parshat Bereshit6 min read

The Yoke-Fellow Sealed for the Day of Consolation

On the fifth day God made two sea-dragons too vast to breed, slew and salted the female, and sealed her flesh for the day of consolation.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Two Beasts Too Large for One World
  2. The Female Is Struck Down in the Deep
  3. Why the Male Was Spared
  4. Sealed for the Day of Consolation

On the fifth day, before there was a shore to stand on or a mouth to name them, the deep churned with new life and two shapes rose larger than the rest. The waters had brought forth swarms. Fish without number, serpents thin as thread, things with fins and things with none. God looked at the swarming and called up the great tanninim, the sea-dragons, and among them came two that dwarfed the whole catch of the ocean.

One was Leviathan. The other was his yoke-fellow, his mate. They turned through the dark water together, slant serpent and tortuous serpent, and where they passed the currents bent around them like roads bending around a mountain. They were the largest thing made that day, and they had been made the way everything was made that day, male and female, fit to couple and fill what they were given.

Two Beasts Too Large for One World

That was the danger, and it announced itself before either of them had done anything at all.

Everything in the new world had been created in pairs, the slant serpent and the tortuous serpent no exception. But these two were not minnows. Their bodies already pressed against the edges of the sea. If they coupled, if they bred, if even one brood of them slid out into the water, there would be no water left, no land, no fifth day to look back on. Their offspring would not fill the world. They would crowd it out of existence. The thing that made every other creature good, the command to be fruitful and multiply, was in their case a fuse already lit.

So the question stood in the deep on the day they were born. Not whether they were wondrous. They were. The question was simpler and colder. The two of them could not both go on as they were.

The Female Is Struck Down in the Deep

God did not wait for them to learn what they were.

He took the female Leviathan first. The male He cut, so that no seed of his would ever quicken in the water. But the female He did not merely still. Fish are unrestrained, and a cooled fish breeds anyway, so cooling her was not enough. He killed her. The largest living thing in the sea went limp in the current, the long coils that had just begun to move now slack, the great eyes that were said to shine like the eyelids of dawn now dark.

And then He did something stranger than the killing. He salted her.

He took the body of the slain mate and preserved it whole, the way a fisherman packs a catch he means to keep, and He laid it away. Not destroyed. Not scattered. Salted and sealed and held in reserve, against a day that had not come and would not come for a very long time.

Why the Male Was Spared

The male He let live, and there was a reason the order ran that way and not the other.

It is written that God formed Leviathan to sport with, to play with him in the afternoons of the world. You do not keep the female for that and slay the male, because it is not fitting to make sport of the female. So the male stayed, cut but breathing, turning his slow circles through the deep with no one beside him, while the salted body of his yoke-fellow lay packed away in the dark. He had been made for play and for the far-off feast. She had been made for the feast alone.

The same blade fell on the dry land that day, though no human eye watched it. On the thousand hills God had set the great beasts, Behemoth and its mate, vast enough that one brood of them would have trampled the earth flat. The male He cut. The female He cooled, and her too He kept for the world that was coming. Salted fish keeps well. Salted meat does not, and so the beast was preserved by a different art, but the logic was one logic, repeated on land and in sea on the same young afternoon. Make the wonder. Break the pair. Hold half of it back.

Sealed for the Day of Consolation

For what does a salted monster wait, packed in the deep before the first human breath?

It waits for the day of consolation. When the long account of the world is finally closed, when the righteous gather to eat at the table set for them at the end of days, the seal will be broken. The flesh laid away on the fifth day of creation will be brought up out of the salt and the dark and served, and the ones who waited through all of history will sit and eat of a creature older than the ground under their feet. Leviathan is not only the terror of the deep. Leviathan is the banquet, prepared before there was anyone to invite.

And the waters that fifth day had already sorted their swarms into clean and unclean, long before any mountain heard a commandment, the categories sitting quietly in the bones of fish that no one had yet forbidden or allowed.

So the deep went on turning. The male circled alone, kept for the sport of his Maker. The female lay salted in the cold, kept for the joy of the righteous. Two beasts whose love would have torn the world in half, parted on the day they were born so that the world could hold together long enough to deserve them.


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From the tradition

Sources

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The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 1:21Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis

Here the Targumist drops a myth into the middle of the verse. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on (Genesis 1:21) says the Lord created the great tanninim, sea dragons. And among them Leviathan and "his yoke-fellow," his mate. And the Targum tells us something the Torah does not: they "are prepared for the day of consolation."

In Jewish tradition, Leviathan will be the banquet served at the end of days, at the feast for the righteous in the messianic age. The Talmud (Bava Batra 74b-75a) describes it at length: God slew the female leviathan at creation, salting her flesh for the coming world, because if the two had reproduced, the earth could not contain them.

The Targumist plants the seed here. On the fifth day, deep in the swarming of ocean life, creation is already pointing forward to its own consummation. The wild sea beasts are not just zoology, they are eschatology. The righteous will one day sit and eat of what was made before any human foot touched the ground.

The verse closes with a quiet detail the Targum adds: the waters brought forth creatures "clean and unclean." Before Sinai, before the laws of kashrut, the categories are already present in the bones of creation.

Full source
Bava Batra 74bTalmud Bavli, Bava Batra

i.e., a diver [bar amoraei] went into the water to bring up this chest, and the fish became angry and sought to sever his thigh, but the diver threw upon it a flask of vinegar and they descended and swam away. A Divine Voice emerged and said to us: What right do you have to touch the crate of the wife of Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa, as she is destined to insert sky-blue wool in it to be used in the ritual fringes of the righteous in the World-to-Come?

Rav Yehuda from India relates: Once we were traveling in a ship and we saw a certain precious stone that was encircled by a snake. A diver descended to bring it up, and the snake came and sought to swallow the ship. A raven came and cut off its head, and the water turned into blood due to the enormousness of the snake. Another snake came, took the precious stone, and hung it on the dead snake, and it recovered.

It returned and again sought to swallow the ship, and yet again a bird came and cut off its head, took that precious stone, and threw it onto the ship. We had with us these salted birds; we placed the stone on them, and they took the stone and flew away with it. § Apropos the stories of large sea creatures, the Gemara discusses the large sea creatures mentioned in the Bible. The Sages taught: There was an incident involving Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua, who were traveling on a ship, and Rabbi Eliezer was sleeping and Rabbi Yehoshua was awake.

Rabbi Yehoshua trembled, and Rabbi Eliezer awoke. Rabbi Eliezer said to him: What is this, Yehoshua; for what reason did you tremble? Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: I saw a great light in the sea. Rabbi Eliezer said to him: Perhaps you saw the eyes of the leviathan, as it is written: “And his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning” (Job 41:10).

Rav Ashi said: Huna bar Natan said to me: Once we were traveling in the desert, and we had a thigh of meat with us. We cut open the thigh and tore off the sciatic nerve and the forbidden fat and put it on the grass. By the time that we brought wood, the thigh had repaired itself, and we roasted it. When we returned to that place after twelve months of the year had passed, we saw that those coals were still glowing.

When I came before Ameimar, he said to me: That grass was a drug of life [samterei], while those coals were of broom. The verse states: “And God created the great sea monsters” (Genesis 1:21). Here, in Babylonia, they interpreted this as a reference to the sea oryx. Rabbi Yoḥanan says: This is leviathan the slant serpent, and leviathan the tortuous serpent, as it is stated: “In that day the Lord with His sore and great and strong sword will punish leviathan the slant serpent, and leviathan the tortuous serpent” (Isaiah 27:1). § The Gemara provides a mnemonic for the following statements of Rav Yehuda citing Rav: Everything; time; Jordan.

Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: Everything that the Holy One, Blessed be He, created in His world, He created male and female. Even leviathan the slant serpent and leviathan the tortuous serpent He created male and female. And if they would have coupled and produced offspring, they would have destroyed the entire world. What did the Holy One, Blessed be He, do?

He castrated the male and killed the female, and salted the female to preserve it for the banquet for the righteous in the future. As it is stated: “And He will slay the serpent that is in the sea” (Isaiah 27:1). And He created even the beasts on the thousand hills (see Psalms 50:10) male and female. And they were so enormous that if they would have coupled and produced offspring, they would have destroyed the entire world.

What did the Holy One, Blessed be He, do? He castrated the male and cooled the sexual desire of the female and preserved it for the righteous in the future. As it is stated about the beasts: “Lo now, his strength is in his loins” (Job 40:16); this is referring to the male. The continuation of the verse: “And his force is in the stays of his body”; this is the female, alluding to the idea that they did not use their genitals for the purpose of procreation.

The Gemara asks: There too, with regard to the leviathan, let Him castrate the male and cool the female; why was it necessary to kill the female? The Gemara answers: Fish are unrestrained, and therefore even if the female was cooled, the female would still procreate. The Gemara suggests: And let Him do the opposite, and kill and preserve the male leviathan. The Gemara responds: If you wish, say that the salted female is better; if you wish, say instead that since it is written: “There is leviathan, whom You have formed to sport with” (Psalms 104:26), the male must be left alive for sport, because it is not proper conduct to sport with a female.

The Gemara asks: Here too, with regard to the beasts, let Him preserve the female in salt, instead of cooling it. The Gemara answers: Salted fish is good, but salted meat is not good. And Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: At the time when the Holy One, Blessed be He, sought to create the world, He said to the minister of the sea: Open your mouth and swallow all the waters of the world, so that there will be room for land.

The minister of the sea said before Him: Master of the Universe, it is enough that I will stay within my own waters. God immediately struck him and killed him; as it is stated: “He stirs up the sea with His power, and by His understanding He smites through Rahab” (Job 26:12). Rabbi Yitzḥak said: Conclude from here that the name of the minister of the sea is Rahab, and were it not for waters of the sea that cover him, no creature could withstand his smell, as his corpse emits a terrible stench.

As it is stated: “They shall not hurt nor destroy in all My holy mountain; for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea” (Isaiah 11:9). Do not read this phrase as “cover the sea”; rather read it as: Cover the minister of the sea, i.e., the term sea is referring to the minister of the sea, not to the sea itself. And Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: The Jordan issues forth from the cave of Pamyas.

That is also taught in a baraita: The Jordan issues forth from the cave of Pamyas, and travels in the Sea of Sivkhi, i.e., the Hula Lake, and in the Sea of Tiberias, the Sea of Galilee, and rolls down to the Great Sea, and rolls down until it reaches the mouth of the leviathan. As it is stated: “He is confident, though the Jordan rush forth to his mouth” (Job 40:23). Rava bar Ulla strongly objects to this explanation of the verse, stating: But this verse is written about the beasts on the thousand hills.

Rather, Rava bar Ulla said that this is the meaning of the verse: When are the beasts on the thousand hills confident? When the Jordan rushes forth into the mouth of the leviathan. § The Gemara provides a mnemonic for the upcoming statements of Rav Dimi: Seas; Gabriel; hungry. When Rav Dimi came from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, he said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “For He has founded it upon the seas, and established it upon the floods” (Psalms 24:2)?

These are the seven seas and four rivers that surround Eretz Yisrael. And these are the seven seas: The Sea of Tiberias, the Sea of Sodom, i.e., the Dead Sea, the Sea of Ḥeilat, the Sea of Ḥeilata, the Sea of Sivkhi, the Sea of Aspamya, and the Great Sea, i.e., the Mediterranean. And these are the four rivers: The Jordan, the Jarmuth, and the Keiromyon, and the Piga, which are the rivers of Damascus. When Rav Dimi came from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia he said that Rabbi Yonatan says: In the future, Gabriel will perform

Full source
Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 12:3Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

"And God created the great sea monsters" (Genesis 1:21), these are the giant creatures of the sea. Rabbi Yochanan said: this is Leviathan the fleeing serpent and Leviathan the twisting serpent, as it is said, "On that day the LORD will punish with His harsh, great, and mighty sword Leviathan the fleeing serpent, and Leviathan the twisting serpent, and He will slay the monster that is in the sea" (Isaiah 27:1), and so forth (Bava Batra 74b), see there.

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