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What Naphtali Saw on a Ship in a Dream at the End of His Life

At one hundred and thirty-two, Naphtali told his sons two visions: brothers riding sun and stars, and a ship nearly wrecked by jealousy.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. What a Dying Man Leaves
  2. The Brothers on the Stars
  3. The Ship and What Sank It
  4. The Fear That Drove the Visions
  5. The Pattern the Old Man Saw

What a Dying Man Leaves

At one hundred and thirty-two years old, Naphtali gathered his sons and told them he had nothing to give them except the fear of God. He said this was an easy thing to carry. He was not being ironic. His sons said they had not strayed from his ways or their fathers' ways. Naphtali thanked God for it, but said he was afraid for what came after. He feared they would eventually drift from the children of Levi and Judah.

His sons asked why he thought this.

He told them two visions, and the visions answered the question.

The Brothers on the Stars

The first vision came when Naphtali was young, pasturing flocks in the field with all eleven brothers. Their father Jacob came and told them to take hold of whatever they could reach. They looked around. There was nothing to take hold of but the sun, the moon, and the stars. Jacob said: take those. Levi grabbed a rod and mounted the sun. Judah did the same with the moon. The other nine brothers each mounted a star or a planet. Only Joseph remained on the ground.

Jacob asked Joseph why he had not climbed. Joseph said: what use does a person born of woman have being in heaven, when in the end they must all come back to earth? Jacob said: you will be great in your generation. The brothers heard this and it entered them like something cold.

The Ship and What Sank It

The second vision came on the shore of a sea. A ship appeared, full, with sails and rigging and a crew, and Naphtali and his brothers were aboard. A great storm came. The ship was breaking apart. Jacob leaped overboard. When he leaped, the sea was immediately still, and the ship rode peacefully in the quiet water.

Another version of the same dream: Joseph was the captain and Naphtali was its navigator. A whirlwind rose and scattered the brothers across the sea. Joseph disappeared. They searched and found him at last, clinging to the shore in the land of Egypt, and when they pulled him in, the ship was suddenly filled with food and goods, more than they could carry, and they embraced him and wept.

Naphtali told his sons that the second dream was about what envy does to a vessel. It makes it sink. The ship was the family, and the family had nearly broken on the same jealousy that the older vision had shown rising in the brothers when Jacob named Joseph great.

The Fear That Drove the Visions

When Naphtali finished, he told his sons again: hold to Levi and Judah. He said Judah's blessing was the sun and Levi's was the moon and they would give light to all the tribes of Israel in the dark. He said if they separated from those two, they would walk blind. He was not speaking in abstractions. He was a very old man who had seen the ship nearly sink, who had watched his brothers pull Joseph out of the water in Egypt, and who knew how long the wreckage of that event had taken to come back together.

The fear of God he was leaving them was not a legal concept. It was the memory of the storm, and the knowledge of what the family looked like when it was scattered across the water.

The Pattern the Old Man Saw

Naphtali at one hundred and thirty-two had the perspective of a man who had watched the same story play out across a century. He had seen the jealousy in his brothers' faces when Jacob said Joseph would be great. He had watched them sell Joseph into Egypt. He had lived through the years of famine and reunion and the decades in Goshen. The two visions were not prophecy at that point; they were memory that had already proven itself. He was not warning his sons about something that might happen. He was explaining to them the mechanism of something that had already happened once and would happen again if the family forgot what they were supposed to hold onto.


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The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Chronicles of Jerahmeel XXXVIIIChronicles of Jerahmeel (Gaster, 1899)

When Naphtali grew old and felt his strength fading, he gathered his children and gave them one final command. It was not about silver or gold. "I speak to you about a very easy matter," he said. "Fear God. Serve Him. Cling to Him." His sons protested, had they ever strayed? "God and I are witnesses that you speak truth," Naphtali replied, "but I dread the future."

Then he told them his visions. In the first, Jacob told his twelve sons to seize whatever they could. Levi grabbed a staff, leaped onto the sun, and rode it. Judah did the same with the moon. Nine other brothers each mounted a star. Only Joseph remained on the ground. "What good is heaven to the earth-born?" he asked. Then a mighty winged bull appeared, and Joseph rode it for four hours, walking, running, flying, until he overtook Judah and beat him with his staff, seizing ten of his twelve rods. Ten brothers abandoned Judah and Levi to follow Joseph. Only Benjamin refused. Then a violent storm tore them all apart.

The second vision was more ominous. The twelve brothers stood with Jacob at the shore of the Great Sea. A ship sailed past with no crew. Jacob stripped off his clothes and plunged in, and they all followed. Once aboard, Jacob told them to read the name on the mast. It read: "This ship belongs to the son of Berakhel", the one whom God had blessed. Jacob rejoiced.

Then a storm smashed the ship to pieces. Jacob was separated from his sons. Levi put on sackcloth and prayed, and God sent a great wind that brought the wreckage to shore. This testament, preserved in the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle translated by Moses Gaster in 1899, contains a version of the Testament of Naphtali older and more detailed than the Greek version known to scholars.

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Legends of the Jews, II. The Sons Of Jacob, Naphtali's Dreams Of The Division Of The TribesLegends of the Jews

Compiled by Ginzberg, in his 132nd year, Naphtali invited his children to a banquet. The next morning, he announced his impending death, which they, of course, disbelieved. But Naphtali insisted, praising God and reaffirming his time was near, marked by the banquet he had shared with them. Then came his final address, his tzava’ah, or ethical will, to his children.

Naphtali begins by recounting his birth. "I was born of Bilhah," he says, "and because Rachel had acted with cunning, and had given Jacob Bilhah instead of herself, I was called Naphtali." He recalls Rachel's love for him, as he was born on her knees. She wished for a brother from her own body who would resemble him. This, he says, is why Joseph resembled him so greatly, answering Rachel’s prayer. Naphtali also shares details about his mother, Bilhah, daughter of Rotheus, and her connection to Rebekah’s nurse, Deborah. Rotheus, a God-fearing Chaldean, was captured and later married to Laban’s slave, Aina.

He reflects on his own life, "I was fleet of foot like a deer," he says, "and my father Jacob appointed me to be his messenger, and in his blessing he called me a hind let loose." He then explores a profound theological point. "As the potter knows the vessel he fashions, how much it is to hold, and uses clay accordingly, so the Lord makes the body in conformity with the soul." This idea, echoing throughout Jewish thought, suggests a divine plan, a harmonious agreement between body and soul. And this is all "by weight, and measure, and rule."

Naphtali urges his children to live well-ordered lives in the fear of God, avoiding ill-regulated or untimely actions. He instructs them not to focus on material possessions, but on serving God and following His ways. When his sons ask why God requires their service, Naphtali replies that God needs no creature, but all creatures need Him. "Nevertheless He hath not created the world for naught, but that men should fear Him, and none should do unto his neighbor what he would not have others do unto him." Sound familiar? It's a beautiful articulation of the Golden Rule.

But then, Naphtali expresses a deep concern for the future. He fears that his descendants may stray from the path of God, following idols and joining with the sons of Joseph instead of the sons of Levi and Judah. Why this warning? Because, he says, "I know that the sons of Joseph will one day turn recreant to the Lord..and it is they that will lead the sons of Israel into sin."

To illustrate his fears, Naphtali recounts two vivid dreams.

The first dream involves his brothers pasturing herds together. Their father, Jacob, instructs them to take what they can in his presence. When they see only the sun, moon, and stars, Jacob tells them to take those. Levi and Judah mount the sun and moon, respectively, while the other tribes ride stars. Joseph, however, remains on Earth, questioning humanity's place in the heavens. A steer with wings appears, and Joseph rides it, eventually attacking Judah and demanding his rods of leadership.

The second dream takes place at the seashore. A ship appears without a crew, and Jacob leads his sons into the sea to board it. Levi and Judah seize the masts, while the others take oars. Joseph, initially refusing, eventually takes a rudder. Harmony reigns until a quarrel erupts between Judah and Joseph, leading to the ship's destruction. Jacob reappears, lamenting Joseph's jealousy and its near-fatal consequences for his brothers.

According to Ginzberg's Legends of the Jews, Jacob dismisses the first dream as harmless, but the doubled nature of the vision alarms him, foreshadowing the future captivity and scattering of Joseph's descendants due to his "perverseness." Therefore, Naphtali commands his sons to align themselves with Levi and Judah, whose tribes will carry the torch of religious leadership and observance.

Therefore, Naphtali implores his sons to remember God, "whom your father Abraham chose when the families of the earth were divided in the days of Peleg." He reminds them of God's power, evident in the creation of man, from head to foot, each organ performing its unique function. This intricate design, he argues, should inspire awe and gratitude.

Naphtali concludes by enjoining his children to carry his remains to Hebron, to be buried near his fathers. He then eats and drinks with rejoicing, covers his face, and dies. And his sons, as any good children would, carried out their father’s final wishes.

Naphtali’s story is a poignant reminder of the importance of faith, family, and ethical conduct. His dreams, though cryptic, reveal deep anxieties about the future of his people and the potential for division. It’s a powerful message, resonating even today, about the need for unity, humility, and unwavering devotion to the divine. What do you think, can Naphtali’s dreams and his deathbed exhortations still teach us something profound about our own lives and the legacy we leave behind?

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