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Why Solomon Had to Trap the King of Demons to Build the Temple

No iron could touch the Temple stones. Solomon needed a worm the size of a barley grain. The demon who knew its nest drank from one well.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Worm That Split Stone
  2. Wine in the Mountain Well
  3. Straight Lines and a Widow's Palm
  4. The Rooster Dropped the Shamir
  5. Four Hundred Parasangs

Solomon had the stones and the law and no tool he was allowed to use. No iron could touch the altar (1 Kings 6:7). Iron made swords. The house where God would dwell could not be cut by the metal that cut men. Every block for the First Temple had to split without a blade.

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The Worm That Split Stone

He asked the scholars. They remembered a creature made at twilight on the eve of the first Shabbat, before the world closed its ordinary rules. The Shamir. A worm no larger than a barley grain. It split rock the way a hot knife splits wax. Moses had used it to cut the stones of the high priest's breastplate. No one now held it. The last keeper was the wild rooster, the hoopoe. The last one who knew the nest was the king of the demons.

Solomon sent Benaiah his captain with a chain and a plan.

Wine in the Mountain Well

Ashmedai came to a certain well on a mountain to drink. Benaiah drained it. He poured wine in. When the demon king arrived and saw the wine, he knew a trap. He refused. Thirst outlasted caution. He drank. He slept.

Benaiah was waiting with a chain engraved with God's name, the one bond Ashmedai could not break. He bound the demon while the wine still held him. Ashmedai woke in iron that was not iron. He walked because the Name on the links said walk.

Straight Lines and a Widow's Palm

The road back to Jerusalem ran through Ashmedai's own geometry. He would not go around anything. He walked in straight lines and knocked over whatever stood in them. A palm tree a widow was weeping over, because a soothsayer had told her it shaded her house and would outlive her, came up by the roots when his path crossed it. A widow crying for a tree while the king of demons passed was, in his accounting, the wrong grief.

He saw a wedding and wept. He saw a man buying shoes meant to last years and laughed. Benaiah asked why. The groom would be dead in thirty days. The man buying years of leather had seven days left. Joy, to an eye that could see ahead, was already a funeral. Thrift was already a joke.

They reached the court. Solomon kept the chain on and asked for the Shamir. Ashmedai told him. The Prince of the Sea had entrusted it to the wild rooster, who kept it sealed under a wing.

The Rooster Dropped the Shamir

A man went and found the nest. He covered the mouth of it with glass and a sheet of lead and waited. The rooster came home. It could not lift the glass to reach the young. It brought the Shamir and set the worm on the glass to cut a way in. The watcher shouted. The rooster dropped the Shamir in fright. The man took it.

The rooster killed itself. A guardian who has lost a trust that size does not go on living.

The Temple rose. Stones opened under the Shamir without the sound of iron. The blocks sat against each other as if they had been born that way. For a while the king who had trapped a demon to build God's house still sat on his own throne.

Four Hundred Parasangs

After the work was done, Ashmedai was still in the court. Solomon, wiser than any man alive, asked to see what the demon's power actually was. He loosened the chain.

Ashmedai grew. One foot on earth, one foot on heaven, as tall as both together. He tore the king from the throne and threw him four hundred parasangs. Solomon landed in a country that did not know his face. The ring that bore God's name was gone. Ashmedai wore it. Ashmedai wore the king's face with it. The court spoke to a demon and called him Solomon.

The true king wandered and told anyone who would listen that he had ruled Jerusalem. No one believed a beggar with a memory of gold. Years went by. The ring came back. The throne came back. The Temple stood and would stand four centuries. The man who had needed a demon to cut holy stone had been cut by the same bargain, and thrown until the map ran out.


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From the tradition

Sources

5 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Gittin 68a-bHebraic Literature (1901)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Project Gutenberg eBook #14368, Hebraic Literature · PD-US-pre-1929

When Solomon set out to build the Temple, he faced a strange obstacle hidden in plain sight in the Torah. Scripture says that "the house, when it was in building, was built of stone made ready before it was brought thither; so that there was neither hammer nor axe nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in building" (1 Kings 6:7). Iron could not touch the stones of a house meant for peace.

So Solomon asked the Sages: "How shall I shape these stones without iron?" They remembered an ancient creature, one of the ten things created at twilight on the sixth day of creation, the Shameer, a worm no bigger than a grain of barley, whose touch could split the hardest substance on earth. It was the same creature Moses had used to cut the precious stones of the Ephod, the High Priest's breastplate.

Hunting a Worm Through the Demon Kingdom

Where was the Shameer? The Sages told Solomon: summon a male and female demon and interrogate them. He did. They knew nothing, but they knew who would, Ashmedai, king of the demons.

Ashmedai, they reported, lived in a distant mountain. There he had dug a pit, filled it with water, covered it with a stone, and sealed it with his own seal. Every morning he ascended to heaven and studied in the celestial academy of wisdom. Every afternoon he descended and studied in the earthly academy. Then he checked his seal, broke it, drank, resealed the pit, and vanished.

This story, preserved in Gittin 68a-b, pictures Temple-building as an act that reaches down into creation's undergrowth and up into the academies of angels. A tiny worm held in the beak of a moorhen would, in the end, shape the stones that held the Shechinah.

Even Solomon, the wisest king who ever lived, needed the cooperation of worms and demons to build a house for God.

Full source
Gittin 68aHebraic Literature (1901)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Project Gutenberg eBook #14368, Hebraic Literature · PD-US-pre-1929

When Solomon needed the king of the demons to help build the Temple without iron, he sent his captain Benaiah son of Jehoiada into the wilderness. Benaiah carried two weapons that no demon could resist: a chain and a ring, and upon each was engraved Shem HaMeforash, the Ineffable Name of God.

Benaiah also carried a fleece of wool, some skins, and wine.

He found the pit where Ashmedai, king of the shedim, came each day to drink. Benaiah dug a lower pit, drained off the water, and plugged the channel with the fleece. Then he dug a higher pit and filled it with wine, letting the wine run down into Ashmedai's cistern. He smoothed the ground so the demon would suspect nothing, climbed a tree, and waited.

Ashmedai arrived. He checked his seal, untouched. He lifted the stone. And found wine. He hesitated. "Wine is a mocker; strong drink is raging" (Proverbs 20:1), he muttered. "Whoredom and wine and new wine take away the heart" (Hosea 4:11).

But he was thirsty. He drank. He drank more. And then the king of the demons lay down in his pit and slept.

Benaiah dropped from the tree and looped the chain around Ashmedai's neck. The demon woke roaring, wrenching at the chain, until he saw the Name engraved in the iron. At that he went quiet. The Name of God holds even the strong (Gittin 68a).

The lesson is not that demons can be outsmarted. It is that a holy Name, spoken rightly, binds even what seems unbindable.

Full source
Gittin 68a-bHebraic Literature (1901)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Project Gutenberg eBook #14368, Hebraic Literature · PD-US-pre-1929

King Solomon needed the Shamir, a creature no larger than a barley grain but strong enough to split any stone, because the Torah forbade iron tools on the Temple's stones. To find it, he had to capture Ashmedai, king of the demons.

Three days after Ashmedai was brought in chains to Jerusalem, he was led before the king. The demon measured off four cubits on the floor with his staff and said, "When you die, Solomon, you will possess in this world no more than these four cubits of earth. You have conquered the world and were not satisfied until you conquered me as well."

Solomon answered him quietly. "I want nothing from you. I wish only to build the Temple, and I need the Shamir."

Ashmedai shrugged. "The Shamir is not in my charge. It is entrusted to the Prince of the Sea, who entrusts it only to the great wild cock, and even then only under oath that the bird will return it."

"And what does the wild cock do with it?" Solomon asked.

"He carries it to a barren mountain," the demon replied, "splits the rock with it, and drops seeds of trees and plants into the cleft. That is how desolate places become green and fit for habitation." This, the sages explain, is the same nagger tura, the mountain splitter, named among the creatures of Leviticus 11 and rendered so in the Targum.

Even demons, in Solomon's court, served a sanctuary built without the sound of iron.

Full source
Gittin 68bHebraic Literature (1901)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Project Gutenberg eBook #14368, Hebraic Literature · PD-US-pre-1929

Once Solomon had chained the demon king Ashmedai, he held him captive until the Temple was completed. When the work was done, the king grew curious. "What is your superiority over us," he asked, "if it is true, as it is written (Numbers 23:22), that God has the strength of a wild ox, which tradition says means ministering angels and demons alike?"

Ashmedai smiled the smile of one who knows he is about to be released. "Take this chain from my neck," he said, "and give me your signet ring, and I will show you." Solomon, to his sorrow, obeyed. No sooner did the demon have the ring than he seized the king, swallowed him, stretched out one wing touching heaven and the other the earth, and vomited Solomon forth four hundred miles away.

Stripped of his throne, Solomon wandered from door to door. Rav and Samuel disagreed about what he carried, one said his staff, the other said his water-jug. Wherever he came he declared (Ecclesiastes 1:12), I, Kohelet, was king over Israel in Jerusalem, and people laughed at him. Of this time he wrote (Ecclesiastes 1:3; 2:10), What profit hath a man of all his labor?

The Talmud (Gittin 68b) tells this story as a parable of pride. Solomon had conquered a demon, built a Temple, and held every secret of creation in his hand. And one moment's curiosity about evil sent him begging. Only when the Sanhedrin recognized him and restored him to his throne did he learn that even the wisest man's kingdom is held by a thread.

Full source
Jewish Fairy Stories, King Solomon and the WormJewish Fairy Stories (Friedlander, 1920)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Jewish Fairy Stories (Friedlander, 1920), Project Gutenberg #72880 · Public Domain

Solomon wanted to build a Temple without lifting a single iron tool against the stone. He had read the warning himself: if you raise your blade upon the altar, you defile it (Exodus 20:25). Iron was the metal of swords, of war, of death. The house of God would rise without it.

One problem. How do you cut a mountain of stone with no blade?

His wisest counselor leaned in with an answer the Babylonian Talmud preserves in tractate Gittin. There is a creature, he said, no bigger than a grain of barley, born in the twilight of the first Sabbath eve. The Shamir. It splits the hardest rock at a touch, and iron shatters in its presence. But no human knows where it hides. For that, you must command the demons.

Solomon turned the ring on his hand, the one engraved with the Holy Name, and a demon appeared trembling. Even the demon did not know. Only Ashmedai, king of the spirits, kept that secret, asleep each night atop a far mountain beside a sealed well.

So Solomon sent Benaiah, son of Jehoiada, with a golden chain bearing the Divine Name. Benaiah drained Ashmedai's well and refilled it with wine. The demon king drank, staggered, and dropped into sleep, and Benaiah locked the chain around his neck.

On the road home, Ashmedai wept at a wedding because the groom would die in three days. He laughed at a man ordering shoes to last seven years, knowing the man had a week to live. Demons, he said, judge things by their true worth, not their appearance.

The Shamir, he finally admitted, was guarded by a wild bird on a lonely peak. Benaiah trapped the nest under glass. The desperate bird fetched the worm to cut through, and Benaiah snatched it. With that tiny worm, Solomon raised the Temple, and the Shamir vanished from the world.

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