5 min read

Zerubbabel Won the Riddle Contest and Asked for Jerusalem

Three guards argued before Darius about what is strongest. Zerubbabel won with truth, then used his prize to ask Darius for permission to rebuild Jerusalem.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The King Who Could Not Sleep
  2. Wine, Kings, and Women Made Their Case
  3. Truth Outlasts All of Them
  4. The Request Behind the Argument

The King Who Could Not Sleep

Darius woke in the night after a great feast and could not return to sleep. He called his three bodyguards and offered them a contest. Each would argue for what is strongest in the world. The best answer would receive a purple robe, gold cups, a gold chariot, and the right to sit beside the king at court. One of the three guards was Zerubbabel, governor of the Jewish exiles and grandson of the last Judean king.

Zerubbabel was not a court philosopher. He was an exile with an agenda. He had not come to the contest to win a chariot. He had come because winning the chariot was the door through which he intended to walk toward something larger.

Wine, Kings, and Women Made Their Case

The first guard argued for wine. Wine makes kings forget themselves and poor men imagine themselves rich. It makes enemies embrace each other and companions turn violent. It arms men against their own families, makes the fearful brave, and makes the wise say things they will regret when morning comes. If strength means taking hold of a human being from the inside and moving him without his consent, wine does it every evening to everyone who drinks.

The second guard argued for kings. A king speaks and armies march. A king gestures and cities fall. Mountains are cut down at a king's word. Rivers are diverted. Whole populations are moved from one end of the earth to the other because a single man decided to require it. The individual is nothing before the king's will, and the will of kings shapes the world the way a potter shapes clay, slowly but completely.

Zerubbabel rose last. He took both arguments apart. Yes, wine moves men, but it wears off. Yes, kings command armies, but kings themselves are commanded by the women they love. He had seen a king remove his own crown and lay it on a woman's head. He had seen a king slap his own face in front of his entire court because the woman he loved expected it. Women, he said, are stronger than wine and stronger than kings.

But then he stopped, because he had not finished.

Truth Outlasts All of Them

Women are strong, Zerubbabel said, but truth is stronger still. Wine passes. Kingdoms fall. Women grow old and lose their power over the men who once could not refuse them. Truth does not pass. Truth does not fall. Truth does not age. Everything built on something other than truth eventually collapses back into the thing it was hiding. Everything built on truth endures after the wine, the king, and the beloved have all been forgotten.

The audience agreed before Darius could speak. The crowd called out together: great is truth and it prevails.

Darius offered the prize. Zerubbabel received the purple robe and the gold cups and the right to sit beside the throne. Then he asked for his actual prize.

The Request Behind the Argument

He asked Darius to fulfill the vow that Cyrus had made: return the Temple vessels to Jerusalem, release the exiles to go home, and permit the rebuilding of the city that Nebuchadnezzar had destroyed.

Daniel had grown old by then. He came before the king one last time and asked to go home to his native city to worship in peace, and he endorsed Zerubbabel as the one who should take his place in the imperial court. Zerubbabel had come from the assembly of the exiles. He had the lineage, the rank, and now the king's favor freshly won by a midnight argument about truth.

Darius agreed. He issued the decree. The vessels were returned. The exiles were released. The city that had been rubble since Babylon's armies finished with it began, slowly and painfully, to become Jerusalem again.

Zerubbabel had entered the riddle contest with a question about what is strongest in the world and used the answer to make the strongest possible claim on an emperor's generosity. Truth, he had argued, outlasts everything. The Temple he was going home to rebuild would stand as proof of that argument for as long as it stood.


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Antiquities XI.3Antiquities of the Jews (Josephus)

Three bodyguards of King Darius entered a contest that would decide the fate of the Jewish Temple. The king had fallen asleep after a great feast and woke unable to sleep again. He challenged his three guards: each would argue what is the strongest thing in the world, and whoever gave the best answer would receive a purple robe, gold cups, a gold chariot, and the right to sit beside the king. One of those guards was Zerubbabel, the Jewish governor.

The first guard argued for wine. Wine makes kings act like orphans and slaves act like kings. It erases memory, makes the poor feel rich, and turns friends into strangers. It arms men against their own families. "Wine is the strongest and most insuperable of all things."

The second guard argued for kings. Kings rule over men, and men rule over everything else. Kings command armies, send nations to war, and rebuild or raze cities at will. Whatever the king says, it is done.

Then Zerubbabel spoke. He conceded that wine is strong and kings are powerful, but women are stronger than both, because women give birth to kings, and a king will abandon his throne to chase after a beautiful woman. Josephus records that even King Darius's own concubine once slapped the king's face, and he only begged her to do it again. The audience laughed.

But Zerubbabel did not stop at women. He said truth is the strongest of all. Wine fades, kings die, women age, but truth endures forever. God is the author of truth, and truth alone is unconquerable. When he finished, the entire assembly shouted: "Great is truth, and mighty above all things!"

Darius told Zerubbabel to name his reward. He asked for one thing: permission to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem. The king granted it. He returned the sacred vessels, funded the construction, and wrote letters to every governor in Syria commanding them to help. Zerubbabel had won the Temple back with a speech.

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Chronicles of Jerahmeel LXXVChronicles of Jerahmeel (Gaster, 1899)

The contest before King Darius began with the first prince arguing that nothing on earth is as powerful as a king. According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle translated by Moses Gaster in 1899, he pointed to the king's absolute command: armies march at his word, cities fall, mountains are hewn down, fields are ploughed, and no one dares frustrate his orders.

The second prince countered that wine is stronger than any king. The moment a ruler drinks freely, wine overpowers him. It makes him sing and dance and reveal secrets. It turns him against his kin and makes him embrace strangers. It gives courage to the bashful and fury to the peaceful. And when the wine wears off, a man remembers nothing he has done.

Zerubbabel rose last and dismantled both arguments. Yes, the king is powerful and wine is strong, but woman surpasses them both. She gives birth to the king, suckles him, rears him, and disciplines him. When she lifts the rod, he runs. When a young man sees a beautiful woman, he abandons father and mother for her sake. Men steal, rob, cross seas, and shed blood for woman. She subdued Samson, enticed David, and inclined the heart of Solomon. Even Adam, father of all mankind, was persuaded by his wife to transgress God's word. Even the heavenly angels in the days of Noah were led astray and took mortal women.

Then Zerubbabel delivered the final blow. King, wine, and woman are all vanity. But truth reigns supreme in heaven and on earth, in the seas and in the depths. Where truth dwells, wickedness cannot abide. The heavens and the earth are founded upon truth, and God is true forever. The entire court erupted: "It is true!" The king kissed Zerubbabel before all the people and declared, "Blessed be the Lord God of Zerubbabel, who hath given him the spirit of truth."

Full source
Chronicles of Jerahmeel LXXIVChronicles of Jerahmeel (Gaster, 1899)

Daniel had grown old. He came before the king one last time and asked permission to go home. According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle translated by Moses Gaster in 1899, Daniel told the king plainly that he no longer had the strength for active governance. Twice he had been thrown to the lions, and his three friends had been cast into the fiery furnace. Through all of it, they never abandoned their God. Now he wanted to return to his native city to worship in peace.

The king was reluctant. "If thou leavest me, how can my kingdom remain in its integrity?" he asked. But he agreed to let Daniel go if Daniel could find a suitable replacement from among his own people.

Daniel went to the assembly of the exiles and found Zerubbabel, son of Shealtiel, grandson of Jechoniah, King of Judah. Daniel presented him as a man of royal blood, filled with the spirit of God, equal in wisdom to Daniel himself. The king accepted, embraced Daniel, loaded him with gifts, and sent him to Shushan in the land of Elam. Daniel gave all the king's gifts to the suffering exiles and lived among them until his death.

Zerubbabel quickly rose to prominence. One afternoon, while the king slept off his wine, Zerubbabel and two royal princes grew bored standing guard. They proposed a riddle contest. Each wrote his answer to a single question: what is the most powerful thing on earth? The first wrote "a king." The second wrote "wine." Zerubbabel wrote "woman." They placed the scroll under the king's pillow, not knowing that Darius was awake and listening. When the court assembled, the king called the three young men forward to defend their answers before the entire kingdom.

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