Parshat Mishpatim

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A collection of civil and criminal laws covering slavery, damages, lending, and the covenant ceremony at Sinai. Exodus 21:1-24:18.

The Hidden Torah Inside Everyday Conversations

Kabbalah & Mysticism Likutey Moharan, Lesson 15

Rabbi Nachman of Breslov taught that anyone who wants to taste the Or HaGanuz (אור הגנוז), the Hidden Light that God stored away from the first day of creation, must elevate the qu...

PrayerTzaddikFaithRepentance

Torah Study That Reshapes the Entire Universe

Kabbalah & Mysticism Noam Elimelech, Bereshit

In his commentary on Parashat Bereshit, Rebbe Elimelech of Lizhensk (the Noam Elimelech) asks a deceptively simple question: why does the Torah begin with the word "beginning"? Ras...

CreationTorahDivine sparks

If Food Requires a Blessing Then Torah Requires One Even More

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 16:25

Rabbi Yitzchak found a verse that establishes blessings both before and after eating. (Exodus 23:25) reads, "And you shall serve the Lord your God, and He will bless your bread and...

TorahPrayerMusic & SongBlessing

the L–rd is a man of war' — What is the intent of this

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Shirah 4:5

"the L–rd is a man of war': What is the intent of this? Because He revealed Himself at the sea as a hero waging war—"The L–rd is a man of war"—and He revealed Himself at Sinai as a...

CreationTorahMosesProphecy

Yishmael says — What is written at the beginning, viz

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 3:5

R. Yishmael says: What is written at the beginning, viz. (Leviticus 25:1-3) "And the L–rd spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai, saying … then the land shall rest a Sabbath to the L–rd. Si...

CreationTorahMosesPrayer

He came and revealed Himself to the sons of Ishmael and

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 5:10

He came and revealed Himself to the sons of Ishmael and asked them: Will you accept the Torah? They: What is written in it? He: "You shall not steal." They: But this is the blessin...

TorahPrayerHoly Land

Iddi says — Since Scripture states "Swear" and "Do not

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Nezikin 5:30

R. Chanina b. Iddi says: Since Scripture states "Swear" and "Do not swear," "Curse" and "Do not curse," since swearing is by the Name, so, not swearing is by the Name (i.e., "Do no...

TorahDivine justiceDeath

This is one of three things in the Torah which R

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Nezikin 6:13

This is one of three things in the Torah which R. Yishmael expounded metaphorically. Similarly, (Exodus 22:2) "If the sun shone upon him." Now is it upon him alone that the sun shi...

TorahAbrahamEgyptExodus

Eliezer says — Scripture speaks of a Canaanite (as opposed

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Nezikin 7:6

R. Eliezer says: Scripture speaks of a Canaanite (as opposed to a Hebrew) man-servant. You say this, but perhaps it speaks of a Hebrew? (This is not so, for) it is written here "hi...

TorahMiraclesBibleDivine justice

And thus do we find with our fathers, that when they stood

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Nezikin 13:17

And thus do we find with our fathers, that when they stood on Mount Sinai, they sought to steal the Higher Mind, as it is written (Exodus 24:7) "Everything that the L–rd has spoken...

TorahMosesCharity

(Exodus 22 — 5) "If fire go out and it find thorns … pay

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Nezikin 14:8

(Exodus 22:5) "If fire go out and it find thorns … pay shall pay he that lights the fire": Why need this be written? It is derivable a fortiori, viz. If he is liable (if the fire p...

TorahEgyptExodusPassover

(Exodus 22 — 28) "Your fullness and your dema (terumah) you

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Kaspa 1:23

(Exodus 22:28) "Your fullness and your dema (terumah) you shall not delay": "Your fullness"—bikkurim (first-fruits, which are taken from fully ripened grain). "you shall not delay"...

TorahEgyptCommandmentsExodus

The Elders Of Israel Behold God

Midrash Aggadah Exodus 24:1-2, 9-11

And the Torah, in its own way, grapples with this very question. We find ourselves in the Book of Exodus, a pivotal moment in the story of the Israelites. Moses is about to ascend ...

TorahMosesAdam & EveHoly Land

The Rabbis Overrule God

Talmud Aggadah Bava Metzia 59b

Bava Metzia 59b), a story about rabbinic authority and, surprisingly, God's good-natured acceptance of it. It all starts with a disagreement. Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, a renowned...

CreationDemonsHeavenTorah

Why Torah Is Compared to a Deer

Talmud Aggadah Eruvin 54b

The Talmud in Tractate Eruvin asks a strange question: why is the Torah compared to a deer? The answer: a deer's womb is narrow. Every time the deer mates, it is as cherished as th...

WisdomHumorTorahWit

The Elders Saw God's Glory on Sinai

Midrash Aggadah Targum Onkelos, Exodus 24

The Hebrew Bible says Moses, Aaron, Nadav, Avihu, and seventy elders "saw the God of Israel" (Exodus 24:10). This is an extraordinary claim—direct visual perception of the divine. ...

MosesTorahAngels

Another reading — “Comfort, oh comfort My people” (Isaiah

Midrash Aggadah Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 443:2

... Another reading: “Comfort, oh comfort My people” (Isaiah 40:1) Said the Holy Blessed One: Who needs to be comforted? For one whose wife died, not the husband? Thus was Zion ana...

TorahExileRedemptionPatriarchs

Midrashim of Rabbi Akiba, The Small Letters and their Purposes

Midrash Aggadah Midrashim of Rabbi Akiba, The Small Letters and their Purposes

The Small Letters and their Purposes The ALEPH in ויקרא And He called (Leviticus 1:1) is small, to teach that the Holy Blessed One is only revealed to the nations of the earth thro...

CreationMosesTorahPrayer

Midrash Shnei Ketuvim

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Shnei Ketuvim

Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) Sheni Ketuvim In the beginning God created etc. - To declare the might of the acts of creation to creatures, and to make it known to them...

CreationAngelsDivine throneMessiah

Hear the Word of God, House of Jacob

Midrash Aggadah Aggadat Bereshit 74

Moses stood before Israel and said: "You have been shown to know that the Lord, He is God; there is none beside Him" (Deuteronomy 4:35). Not told — shown. The plagues, the sea, the...

JacobMosesTorahKing David

There was an incident involving Miriam daughter of the

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 1:50

There was an incident involving Miriam daughter of the baker, who was taken captive with her seven sons. The emperor took them and placed them behind seven partitions. He brought t...

TorahExilePatriarchsProphecy

“I am the man who has seen affliction by the rod of His

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 3:1

“I am the man who has seen affliction by the rod of His fury” (Lamentations 3:1).“I am the man” – Rabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina began: “Jeremiah took another scroll and gave it to Barukh s...

TorahMosesProphecyDivine justice

There was an incident involving Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥananya

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 4:4

There was an incident involving Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥananya, who went to the great city of Rome. They said to him: ‘There is a certain child in prison in disgrace.’10The Romans were...

TorahPatriarchsProphecyDivine justice

Meir says — A mued—one whose owner was warned three times

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Nezikin 10:21

Rabbi Meir tackled one of the trickiest problems in the Torah's laws of damages: how do you classify a dangerous ox? The Torah distinguishes between a tam — an ox with no history o...

WisdomWarHumor

When the Lion Befriends the Ox I Will Make Peace

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 37:28

He's up against someone filled with animosity, someone ready to do him harm. We don't know exactly who, but the text paints a vivid picture of unwavering hostility. And what does t...

PatriarchsSoulAnimalsHumor

Three Angels Visit Abraham Before Sodom's Doom

Book of Jasher Jasher 18

We know the broad strokes of Abraham, the patriarch, and the destruction of Sodom. But what about the details? Sometimes, the lesser-known texts fill in the gaps, offering a richer...

AngelsPatriarchsMatriarchsProphecy

Beware the Widowed Woman's Beauty

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Alphabet of Ben Sira, Letter Ayin

"Blind your eyes because of a widowed woman, and do not covet her beauty in your heart." That's what Ben Sira says, in the proverb attached to the Hebrew letter Ayin (ע)—and it's a...

WisdomCharityWomen of the BibleWar

The Angel Who Wept Over Every Sinful Limb at Death

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Chronicles of Jerahmeel X

When a person is about to die, the angel assigned to them delivers a devastating eulogy. Not a eulogy of praise. A eulogy of regret. According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12t...

AngelsFloodExileDeath

God Creates Angels from Fire and One Rebels

Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha 2 Enoch 28-29

God continued speaking to Enoch, and the story of creation grew stranger and more terrible. He had made the heavenly circle firm. He commanded the waters below heaven to gather int...

EnochCreationAngelsFallen angels

The Shepherd by Jabbok Who Was Really an Angel

Ginzberg Vol. 1

His story of wrestling with an angel is one of the most powerful and enigmatic in the entire Torah. As Jacob journeyed back to Canaan, anticipating a tense reunion with his brother...

AngelsHeavenPatriarchsAdam & Eve

The Angel of Death Takes Charge of All Animals

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 1:68

It's not just a modern cartoon trope; it's a trait deeply embedded in Jewish folklore. And like many great stories, it begins with a bit of divine drama. Imagine the scene: Adam ha...

AngelsCreaturesAdam & EveJob

The Angels of Mercy Who Hesitated to Destroy Sodom

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 5:168

Our tale begins with angels leaving Abraham at midday, their wings carrying them towards Sodom as evening approached. Now, usually, angels are all about speed. They deliver their m...

Adam & EvePatriarchsExileSinai

Abraham — Lot and the Angels

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 5:170

The story of Lot, Abraham's nephew, gives us a masterclass in hospitality gone wrong. We all know the basics: God, displeased with the wickedness of Sodom, sends angels to investig...

PatriarchsAngelsAbrahamWomen of the Bible

Isaac and the Angels of Abraham

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 5:301

That’s the feeling I get sometimes when I read certain passages in Jewish lore. Take this little gem from Ginzberg’s Legends of the Jews. It's a tiny moment, a snapshot really, but...

AngelsPatriarchsAbrahamHeresy

Jacob Greeted Strangers Like Brothers at the Well

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 6:108

What does he do? Does he stand back, waiting for someone to acknowledge him? Nope. He takes the initiative. "My brethren, whence be ye?" he asks. A simple question, but oh-so-power...

PatriarchsMatriarchsJoseph

Angels Attend to Joseph

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 1:150

And according to Jewish tradition, his extended stay behind bars had a very specific reason. We all know the story: Joseph, sold into slavery by his jealous brothers, rises in powe...

AngelsJosephMosesEgypt

Joseph Designed Laws to Force His Brothers to Come to Egypt

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 1:195

A devastating famine had gripped the land of Canaan, and word reached Joseph, now a high-ranking official in Egypt, that his brothers might be forced to come seeking grain. Remembe...

JosephHoly LandEgypt

The Exhaustion of Sudden Freedom After Slavery

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 4:353

Freedom. Did everyone just instantly start singing and dancing? Well, not exactly. According to Ginzberg's retelling in Legends of the Jews, the Israelites were… well, they were ex...

AngelsMessiahPrayerHoly Land

Michael and the Angels of Uzza

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 1:25

Jewish tradition grapples with these questions constantly, and sometimes the answers come from the most unexpected places. Take this story, for example, about the angel Michael, th...

AngelsPatriarchsHoly LandEgypt

Moses and the Angels of Egyptians

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 1:48

We all know the story: the Israelites, enslaved in Egypt, are finally led to freedom by Moses. But the Bible only gives us so much detail. What about the heavenly host? Were they j...

MosesHoly LandEgypt

Angels Attend to Ezekiel

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 1:68

It wasn't just the adults celebrating freedom. According to Legends of the Jews, even babies stopped nursing, compelled to add their voices to the chorus! And unbelievably, the emb...

AngelsDemonsMosesJob

Ancient Riddles About Angels Abraham and the Messiah

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 5:75

They loved a good riddle, a clever paradox, and a chance to explore the hidden depths of Jewish thought. to a few of these ancient brain-teasers, culled from the rich tapestry of J...

PatriarchsElijahDanielMessiah

Nebuchadnezzar and the Angels of Alexandria

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 10:18

Let me tell you about Nebuchadnezzar. For eighteen years, can you imagine, eighteen years daily, a heavenly voice boomed through his palace! This wasn't some quiet whisper; this wa...

DanielHoly LandAngelsJerusalem

Joseph's Brothers Sell Him Into Slavery

Josephus Antiquities II.3-4

Twenty pounds of silver. That was the price of a human life—the amount Joseph's own brothers accepted from a passing caravan of Ishmaelite merchants in exchange for their seventeen...

JosephPatriarchsDreams & Visions

How Concealment Paradoxically Reveals God's Perfection

Other Texts Kalach Pitchei Chokhmah 30:27

It dives deep into the paradox of concealment and revelation, exploring how God's presence is both hidden and, strangely, revealed through that very act of hiding. But here's the r...

MysticismAdam & EveRevelationNoah & Flood

Jacob Wrestles the Angel and Wins a New Name

Kabbalah & Mysticism Kedushat Levi, Vayishlach

"I have remained a stranger at Laban's" (Genesis 32:5). Rabbi Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev reports his father's brilliant reading of Jacob's message to Esau. The Hebrew word garti (...

PatriarchsAngelsGood and evil

The Sword of Moses and Its Chain of Angels

Kabbalah & Mysticism Harba de-Moshe, Introduction

Harba de-Moshe (חרבא דמשה), the Sword of Moses, is one of the most important Jewish theurgic texts from the Geonic period. First published by Moses Gaster in 1896 from a unique man...

Divine NamesAngelsMosesHeavenly realms

Angels of the First Heaven Control the Weather

Kabbalah & Mysticism Sefer HaRazim, First Heaven

Sefer HaRazim (ספר הרזים), the Book of Mysteries, is a Jewish theurgic text dating to approximately the 3rd-4th century CE, making it one of the earliest structured works of Jewish...

AngelsHeavenly realmsCreationProtection