The Torah says simply, "to dust thou shalt return." Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on (Genesis 3:19) refuses to let that be the end. After the dust, the Targumist says, there is one more act.
"For from the dust it is to be that thou art to arise, to render judgment and reckoning for all that thou hast done, in the day of the great judgment."
The Targumist has turned a verse about mortality into a verse about resurrection. Adam will die. His body will return to the soil it was taken from. But the story does not stop there. On the day of the great judgment — the eschatological reckoning in the messianic age — he will rise from that dust and answer for his life.
Jewish tradition holds techiyat ha-metim, the resurrection of the dead, as one of its thirteen principles of faith. The Targumist plants it here, at the original death sentence. Even as God pronounces mortality, He is already planting the seed of return. The grave is a pause, not a terminus.