The Torah is brisk: Joseph found favour in his eyes, and he served him, and he appointed him superintendent over his house, and all that he had he delivered in his hands (Genesis 39:4). The Targum Pseudo-Jonathan keeps the economy of the verse but allows the Sages' reading to show through.
Think about what has just happened. Joseph is seventeen, traded by his brothers to a caravan, sold in the market of Mizraim (Egypt) to Potiphar, a senior officer of Pharaoh. Within a very short time the foreign boy has climbed from slave to steward — from the bottom of the household to its top. Bereshit Rabbah 86 hears in he served him not merely labor but quiet, attentive skill: Joseph notices what the master wants before the master names it.
The Targum's verb appointed (mannei) is the term used for ministers of state. Potiphar did not put Joseph in charge of the kitchen; he put him over the whole estate and handed him the ledger. The Sages see this as a foreshadowing of Pharaoh's later decision to give Joseph the second chariot of Egypt (Genesis 41:43). Before Joseph is minister over the kingdom, he is minister over the house. God is training him where no one is watching.
There is a moral beat underneath. The Aramaic says all that he had he delivered in his hands. The master entrusted everything — and, the later verse will make clear, the household prospered specifically because of that trust. The Targum is quietly teaching that the fastest way a righteous person becomes visible in a foreign place is through the reliability of his hands. Joseph's rise is not a miracle; it is a long chain of small moments when he did not steal, did not cut corners, did not cheat his Egyptian master.
The takeaway is practical. Favor begins in the tasks nobody is measuring. The world watches the hands before it listens to the mouth, and a reputation for competent honesty in exile is the foundation on which Joseph will one day feed the world.