David Cleared of Bloodguilt for Saul Nabal and Uriah

Midrash Shmuel 25:2

"Deliver me from bloodguilt, O God" (Psalms 51:16) — deliver us from bloodguilt. Rabbi Yehoshua of Sikhnin in the name of Rabbi Levi said: For the blood of Saul he was not [slain] on my account. David pronounced three things upon the anointed of the Lord, and all three of them came upon him: "As the Lord lives, but the Lord shall smite him" (1 Samuel 26:10) — this happened to him; "or his day shall come and he shall die" — this happened to him; "or he shall go down into battle and perish" — this happened to him. For the blood of Nabal he was not slain on my account, [as it is said:] "And it came to pass about ten days [after, that the Lord smote Nabal, and he died]" (1 Samuel 25:38). For the blood of Samuel — that his planting was being cut down, and he did not grieve over it even one hour. For the blood of Nathan — that David would send messages behind his back to know whether he would scatter the words; had he scattered the words, he would not have killed him. For the blood of Israel — Rabbi Yehudah bar Rabbi Simon in the name of Rabbi Levi bar Perata: Why did the Scriptures not specify how many slain fell on Mount Gilboa? On account of "Tell it not in Gath" (2 Samuel 1:20). For the blood of Uriah — Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: "Uriah the Hittite; thirty and seven in all" (2 Samuel 23:39). Rabbi Yonah of Botzrah said: that they brought him down from his greatness, for he was fit to be appointed after thirty-six, and they appointed him after thirty-seven. Rabbi Hanina bar Pappa in the name of Rabbi Hanina the scribe brings it from this: "Wherefore hast thou despised the word of the Lord... and thou hast slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon" (2 Samuel 12:9). And the Rabbis say: "thou hast slain him" — this teaches that he killed many righteous ones like him.

Themes

Biblical References