Why Circumcision Overrides the Sabbath and Made Abraham Whole

Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Lech Lecha 20:1

(Genesis 17:1:) "And Abram was ninety <-nine> years old." Let our master teach us: What is the law as to whether a person is permitted to heal on the Sabbath? Thus our masters taught (in Yoma 8:6): a doubt concerning lives overrides the Sabbath; but if it is doubtful whether one will be healed or will not be healed, they do not override <the Sabbath>. For the sake of circumcision, however, they do override the Sabbath. Rabbi Yose said: Come and see how beloved circumcision is before the Holy One, blessed be He. When He told Abraham that he should circumcise himself, it was hard for him. He said: "If I circumcise myself now, I am lacking one limb." The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: "Until you circumcise yourself, [your name is Abram], and the sum of its letters is 243, and the limbs of a person are 248 limbs; behold, you are lacking five limbs. And when you circumcise yourself, you are whole." He said before Him: "Master of the World, how so?" He said to him (Genesis 17:5): "Your name shall no longer be called Abram, but your name shall be Abraham," and you shall become whole.

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