Four Cups of Pharaoh and the Four Cups of Redemption

Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 147:1

(Genesis 40:11-13) "And Pharaoh's cup was in my hand." From here the Sages fixed the four cups of the Passover nights. Rav Huna in the name of Rabbi Banaah said: corresponding to the four expressions of redemption stated in Egypt, (Exodus 6:6-7) "And I will bring out," "And I will rescue," "And I will redeem," "And I will take." Rav Shmuel bar Nachman said: corresponding to the four cups mentioned here, "And Pharaoh's cup was in my hand," "And I pressed them into Pharaoh's cup," "And I placed the cup upon Pharaoh's palm," ["And you shall set Pharaoh's cup in his hand"]. Rabbi Levi said: corresponding to the four kingdoms. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: corresponding to the four cups of staggering wine that the Holy One, blessed be He, will in the future make the nations of the world drink. This is what is written (Jeremiah 25:15) "For thus said the LORD: take this cup of wrathful wine from My hand," (Jeremiah 51:7) "Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of the LORD," "For there is a cup in the hand of the LORD, full of foaming wine," (Psalms 11:6) "Upon the wicked He will rain coals, fire and brimstone, and a scorching wind shall be the portion of their cup." And corresponding to these, the Holy One, blessed be He, gives Israel four cups of salvation to drink in the time to come, as it is said "The LORD is the portion of my inheritance and of my cup," (Psalms 23:5) "You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows," (Psalms 116:13) "the cup of salvations" — two salvations, one for the days of the Messiah and one for the days of Gog and Magog. He said to him: you have given me good tidings, so I too will give you good tidings; in three more days Pharaoh will lift up your head. (Genesis 40:15) "For I was surely stolen away." Rabbi Acha said: from here we learn that he was stolen twice.

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