"And one who steals a man and sells him" (Exodus 21:16): why is this stated? Because it says "if a man is found stealing a person of his brothers" (Deuteronomy 24:7), I would know only of witnesses to the theft; witnesses to the sale, from where do we learn? Scripture teaches, "and one who steals a man and sells him." "And one who steals a man": I know only of a man who stole a man. One who stole a woman or a minor, from where? Scripture teaches, "if a man is found stealing," to include one who stole a woman or a minor. A woman who stole her fellow woman or a minor, from where? Scripture teaches "and the thief shall die," in any case. "And one who steals a man": even the minor is implied. Scripture teaches "and if a man is found stealing a person," to exclude the minor. "Stealing a person": I might understand that even a child of eight days is implied. Scripture teaches "and one who steals a man," telling us that he is not liable until he steals a viable person. "And sells him": and not one who sold half of him. "And he is found": there is no "finding" except by witnesses. "In his hand": "in his hand" everywhere means only his possession; and although there is no proof for the matter, there is a remembrance of the matter, as it says "and he took all his land from his hand" (Numbers 21:26), and it says "and the servant took ten camels" (Genesis 24:10). "He shall surely be put to death": by strangulation. Or perhaps by one of the other forms of death stated in the Torah? A death that leaves no mark. We have heard the penalty, but we have not heard the prohibition. Scripture teaches, "you shall not steal" (Exodus 20:13).
The Capital Crime of Stealing and Selling a Human Being
Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 329:1
(שמות כא טז) וְגֹנֵב אִישׁ וּמְכָרוֹ, לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר, לְפִי שֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר "כִּי יִמָּצֵא אִישׁ גֹּנֵב נֶפֶשׁ מֵאֶחָיו" אֵין לִי אֶלָּא עֵדִים עַל גְּנֵבָה, עֵדִים עַל מְכִירָה, מִנָּיִן, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר וְגֹנֵב אִישׁ וּמְכָרוֹ וְגוֹ'. וְגֹנֵב אִישׁ, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא אִישׁ שֶׁגָּנַב אֶת הָאִישׁ, גָּנַב אֶת הָאִשָּׁה וְאֶת הַקָּטָן, מִנָּיִן. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר כִּי יִמָּצֵא אִישׁ גֹּנֵב וְגוֹ', לְהָבִיא אֶת שֶׁגָּנַב אֶת הָאִשָּׁה וְאֶת הַקָּטָן. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁגָּנְבָה אֶת חֲבֶרְתָּהּ וְאֶת הַקָּטָן, מִנָּיִן. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר (שם), וּמֵת הַגַּנָּב הַהוּא, מִכָּל מָקוֹם. וְגֹנֵב אִישׁ, אַף הַקָּטָן בְּמַשְׁמָע, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר "וְכִי יִמָּצֵא אִישׁ גֹּנֵב נֶפֶשׁ", לְהוֹצִיא אֶת הַקָּטָן. "גֹּנֵב נֶפֶשׁ", שׁוֹמֵעַ אֲנִי אַף בֶּן שְׁמוֹנָה בְּמַשְׁמָע תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר וְגֹנֵב אִישׁ, מַגִּיד שֶׁאֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיִּגְנֹב בֶּן קְיָמָא. וּמְכָרוֹ, וְלֹא שֶׁמָּכַר חֶצְיוֹ. וְנִמְצָא, אֵין מְצִיאָה אֶלָּא בְעֵדִים. בְּיָדוֹ, אֵין בְּיָדוֹ בְּכָל מָקוֹם אֶלָּא רְשׁוּתוֹ, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין רְאָיָה לַדָּבָר, זֵכֶר לַדָּבָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כא, כו) "וַיִּקַּח אֶת כָּל אַרְצוֹ מִיָּדוֹ", וְאוֹמֵר (בראשית כד, י) "וַיִּקַּח הָעֶבֶד עֲשָׂרָה גְמַלִּים" וְגוֹ'. מוֹת יוּמָת, בְּחָנֶק. אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא אַחַת מִכָּל מִיתוֹת הָאֲמוּרוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה. מִיתָה שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ רֹשֶׁם. עֹנֶשׁ שָׁמַעְנוּ, אַזְהָרָה לֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר כ "לֹא תִגְנֹב".