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No Bird Flew Over Israel for Fifty-Two Years

Survivors cornered Isaiah in the ruins and asked whether he was inventing the comfort out of his own head. He answered with one word of the verse.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Fifty-Two Years Without a Bird
  2. Where Are You, Read as How
  3. Have You Forgotten the Offerings We Brought
  4. They Asked Isaiah Whether He Made It Up
  5. They Came Home by Way of the Deep
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Fifty-Two Years Without a Bird

A man was plowing in the valley of Arbel when he drove his stake in deeper than usual and turned up earth that was still burnt. Whatever he had sown that morning scorched where it lay.

The ground had been holding brimstone and salt for seven years by then. Samaritans who tried to work the fields found it went in patches. Sow here, it burns. Move over and sow there, it burns. Above all of it the sky was empty. Rabbi Yose bar Halafta put a number on the emptiness: fifty-two years and nobody saw a single bird cross over the land of Israel. No shadow going over a field. No noise in a tree.

Forty years before any of this, while Jerusalem still stood, Babylonians had been planting date orchards at home in Babylon. They knew what was coming and they knew who was coming, and they knew that these particular exiles ran after anything sweet, because sweetness loosens the tongue for Torah.

Rabbi Zeira, walking the same country generations later and finding it in fruit, said the only honest thing available. Look how brazen this land is. It produces anyway. One sage said the soil had been fed. Another said it had been turned right over, like a measure tipped upside down, everything that was underneath brought up into the light.

Where Are You, Read as How

Rabbi Abbahu heard the word that opens the book of Lamentations in a much older mouth.

Eikhah. How.

God was counting out what He had done with Adam, and He counted it in five steps. I brought him into the garden. I gave him a command. He broke the command. I sentenced him to be driven out and sent away. And I mourned over him with the word How.

The proof was in the calling. When Adam hid himself among the trees, God called after him ayekah, where are you, and the same four letters read the other way say eikhah, how. The dirge was already being sung on the first afternoon of the world.

Then the same five steps again, over the sons. I brought them into a land of orchards. I gave them a command. They broke it. I drove them out and sent them away. And I mourned over them with the word How.

How does she sit alone.

Have You Forgotten the Offerings We Brought

The survivors pressed the question up.

Can a woman forget her nursing child, the prophet had asked them, and they turned it back on the One who said it. All those offerings we carried in to You. The bulls, the flour, the doves in the hands of the poor. Have You forgotten them?

The answer came back tilted. The bad things I forget, God said. The good things I never forget.

What I let go of is what you said in front of the calf, these are your gods, Israel. What I keep is what you said to Me at the mountain, before you had heard a single one of the terms: we will do it, and then we will hear it.

One generation had put both sentences in the same mouth inside of forty days. God had chosen which one to file.

They Asked Isaiah Whether He Made It Up

Comfort, comfort my people, Isaiah told them, your God will say.

They came back at him twice, and neither time was gentle.

"Our master Isaiah. Do you mean you came to comfort only the generation that watched the house burn down? Ours, and no one after us?"

"I came to comfort all the generations," he said. "The verse does not say your God has said. It says your God will say."

They stood on it and came at him again from the other side.

"Our master Isaiah. Do you mean you are making all this up out of your own heart?"

Same answer. Not has said. Will say. The mouth is still open. Nothing about it is finished, and nothing about it is his.

Rabbi Hanina son of Rabbi Abba went through the scrolls and found the phrase standing in eight places, one for each of the eight prophets who kept speaking after the destruction. Joel. Amos. Zephaniah. Haggai. Zechariah. Malachi. Ezekiel. Jeremiah. Eight mouths, so that no century of the exile would have to run on the memory of somebody else's consolation.

They Came Home by Way of the Deep

Everything that could leave had left. Seven hundred kinds of clean fish. Eight hundred kinds of clean locusts. Birds past counting. All of them went down into exile with Israel, and when Israel came back, all of them came back too.

Fish going into exile is a strange thing to picture, and somebody asked how it was managed. Rav Yose had the route. They went by way of the deep, and by way of the deep they returned.

So the sky filled in again over the burnt valleys, and the water under the country filled in, and the orchards came up out of soil that had been tipped over like a measure. Everything that had walked or swum or flown out of the land walked and swam and flew back into it.

One fish did not. It was called the shibuta, and nobody ever saw it in those waters again.


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From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Pesikta DeRav Kahana 13:10Pesikta de-Rav Kahana

Translation of the source text.Pesikta de Rav Kahana according to an Oxford manuscript, Dov Mandelbaum ed., N.Y. 1987 · CC-BY

For the mountains I will take up weeping and wailing, and for the pastures of the wilderness a lament (Jeremiah 9:9). For the high and lofty mountains that became wilderness I will take up a lament. For they are laid waste so that no man passes through, and they do not hear the sound of cattle [mikneh] (Jeremiah 9:9). It was not enough for you that you did not listen to His voice, but you provoke [maknim] Me with your idolatry. Even so, from the birds of the heavens to the beasts, they have fled and gone (Jeremiah 9:9).

Rabbi Yose bar Halafta said: For fifty-two years no bird was seen flying over the land of Israel, to fulfill what is said, From the birds of the heavens to the beasts they have fled and gone (Jeremiah 9:9). Rabbi Hanina said: Forty years before Israel was exiled to Babylon, they planted date palms in Babylon, because Israel craved sweetness, which trains the tongue for Torah.

They taught in the name of Rabbi Judah: For seven years brimstone and salt held sway, a burning over all its land (Deuteronomy 29:22), as it is said, And he shall confirm a covenant with the many for one week [seven years] (Daniel 9:27). The Samaritans who were there, what would they do? It was burned in patches and patches; they would sow here and it would be burned, sow here and it would be burned.

Rabbi Zeira said: Come and see how brazen is the land of Israel, that it still produces fruit. And why does it produce fruit? Two Amoraim. One said, because they manure it. The other said, because they turn over its soil, like one who empties a measure, so that what is above goes down and what is below comes up. There was an incident with a certain man who was plowing in the valley of Arbel, and his plow-point went deep, and burning earth came up and scorched the seed.

Rabbi Hanina son of Rabbi Abbahu said: Seven hundred kinds of clean fish, and eight hundred kinds of clean locusts, and birds without number, and all of them went into exile with Israel to Babylon. And when they returned, all of them returned with them, except for the fish called shibuta. And how did the fish go into exile? Rabbi Huna in the name of Rav Yose said: By way of the deep they went into exile, and by way of the deep they returned.

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Pesikta DeRav Kahana 15:1Pesikta de-Rav Kahana

Translation of the source text.Pesikta de Rav Kahana according to an Oxford manuscript, Dov Mandelbaum ed., N.Y. 1987 · CC-BY

Eikhah [How]. Rabbi Abbahu in the name of Rabbi Yose bar Hanina opened: "But they, like Adam, transgressed the covenant; there they dealt faithlessly with me" (Hosea 6:7). "But they, like Adam" refers to Adam the first man. The Holy One, blessed be He, said: Adam the first man, I brought him into the garden of Eden and commanded him, and he transgressed my command, and I judged him with banishment and I judged him with sending away, and I lamented over him, "Eikhah" [How]. I brought him into the garden of Eden, "and the LORD God took the man" (Genesis 2:15). And I commanded him, "and the LORD God commanded the man" (Genesis 2:16). And he transgressed the command, "have you eaten from the tree from which I commanded you" (Genesis 3:11). And I judged him with banishment, "and He banished the man" (Genesis 3:24). And I judged him with sending away, "and the LORD God sent him out of the garden of Eden" (Genesis 3:23). And I lamented over him, "Eikhah": "and the LORD God called to the man and said to him, ayekah" (Genesis 3:9) [Where are you?]; it is written ayekah [which can be read as the lament eikhah, How]. So too his children: I brought them into the land of Israel and commanded them, and they transgressed my command, and I judged them with banishment and I judged them with sending away, and I lamented over them, "Eikhah." I brought them into the land of Israel, "and I brought you into a land of fruitful fields" (Jeremiah 2:7). And I commanded them, "command the children of Israel" (Leviticus 24:2). And they transgressed the command, "and all Israel transgressed your Torah" (Daniel 9:11). And I judged them with banishment, "from my house I will drive them" (Hosea 9:15). And I judged them with sending away, "send them from my presence and let them go out" (Jeremiah 15:1). And I lamented over them, "Eikhah": "How [Eikhah] she sits alone" (Lamentations 1:1).

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Pesikta DeRav Kahana 17:7Pesikta de-Rav Kahana

Translation of the source text.Pesikta de Rav Kahana according to an Oxford manuscript, Dov Mandelbaum ed., N.Y. 1987 · CC-BY

"Can a woman forget her suckling child?" (Isaiah 49:15). Iko said: "Can a woman forget her suckling child", have You forgotten those offerings we used to bring before You? Rabbi Huna in the name of Rabbi Aha said: The Holy One, blessed be He, said: The evil deeds I forget, but the good deeds I do not forget. The evil deeds I forget, what you said concerning the calf, "These are your gods, O Israel" (Exodus 32:4). And the good deeds I do not forget, what you said to Me at Sinai, "All that the LORD has spoken we will do and obey" (Exodus 24:7).

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Pesikta DeRav Kahana 16:10Pesikta de-Rav Kahana

Translation of the source text.Pesikta de Rav Kahana according to an Oxford manuscript, Dov Mandelbaum ed., N.Y. 1987 · CC-BY

"Your God will say" (Isaiah 40:1). Rabbi Hanina bar Pappa and Rabbi Simon. Rabbi Hanina bar Pappa said: Israel said to Isaiah, Our master Isaiah, do you mean that you came to comfort only that generation in whose days the Temple was destroyed? He said to them, I came to comfort all the generations. It is not written here "your God has said," but "your God will say" (Isaiah 40:1). Rabbi Simon said: Israel said to Isaiah, Our master Isaiah, do you mean that all these things you invent from your own heart? He said to them, It is not written here "your God has said," but "your God will say" (Isaiah 40:1). Rabbi Hanina son of Rabbi Abba said: In eight places it is written "your God will say," corresponding to the eight prophets who prophesied after the Temple, and these are they: Joel, Amos, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, Ezekiel, and Jeremiah.

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