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Two Captains Chased a Name and Lost Thousands

Judas was still fighting in Gilead. Back home, Joseph and Azarias looked at the road to Jamnia and decided a name was sitting unused.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Gorgias Came Out of the City
  2. Shut This Army in Your Hand
  3. A Man Swore to Burn the House
  4. After Judas, the Wicked Put Forth Their Heads

Judas Maccabeus was in Gilead with Jonathan, doing the work that had made their names. Simon held Galilee. Back home, two captains sat on garrison duty and felt the fame blowing from other provinces. Joseph son of Zacharias and Azarias looked at each other and said the sentence that kills armies. "Let us also get us a name, and go fight against the heathen that are round about us."

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They gave charge to the garrison that was with them and marched toward Jamnia.

Gorgias Came Out of the City

Gorgias came out of Jamnia with men who knew their trade. The fight was short. Joseph and Azarias broke. Gorgias chased them all the way to the borders of Judea. About two thousand Israelites fell on that road, thousands lost for a title their captains had wanted to wear.

The two men who had spoken the sentence lived to see the count. Ambition without the skill that had tempered Judas's campaigns wrote its bill in bodies. They had invented a front because the real one was elsewhere. Jamnia had been waiting for exactly that kind of invention.

Shut This Army in Your Hand

Elsewhere, when the work was done under Judas's discipline, the prayer sounded different. Not "let us get a name." "Shut up this army in the hand of thy people Israel." Make horsemen useless. Strip courage from the bold. Cast them down with the sword of those that love thee, and let those who know thy name praise thee with thanksgiving.

They joined battle. About five thousand of Lysias's host fell. Lysias saw the manliness of Judas's soldiers, men ready to live or die, and withdrew to Antioch to gather a larger foreign army for another round. Victory under Judas did not end the war. It bought a breath. Breath is not the same as a name hunted for its own shine.

The captains at Jamnia wanted the shine without the prayer and without the commander who knew when not to march. They got the chase instead.

A Man Swore to Burn the House

In the Temple, another kind of fight. Nicanor mocked the priests, laughed at them, and swore in his wrath that if Judas and his army were not delivered into his hands, he would burn the house called by God's name. He stormed out on the heat of his own oath.

The priests did not chase him with steel. They stood before the altar and wept. "Thou, O Lord, didst choose this house to be called by thy name, and to be a house of prayer and petition for thy people. Be avenged of this man and his host. Remember their blasphemies."

The war had fronts in Gilead, Galilee, Jamnia's approaches, and the inner court where tears were the only weapons left. Judas's generation fought with both. The two captains borrowed only the sword and left the altar's patience behind.

After Judas, the Wicked Put Forth Their Heads

When Judas fell, the wicked put forth their heads in all the coasts of Israel. Famine walked with them. The country revolted and went with them, because empty stomachs renegotiate loyalty. Bacchides appointed those wicked men as lords of the country. Then the purge. Friends of Judas hunted, dragged, used despitefully. Great affliction in Israel, the like whereof was not since the time that a prophet was not seen among them.

The people who had watched Judas pray down horsemen now watched collaborators wear authority. The captains who had wanted names did not live to see how cheap names become when the center falls. The wicked named themselves in the vacuum.

Judea learned again that one generation's valor does not keep the next from hunger and bad appointments. Lysias had already planned to return with strangers. Bacchides arrived into a land where famine made recruits for the wrong side.

Jamnia's road stayed stained with the cost of a front invented for a title. Gilead's road stayed stained with a different lesson. Fight where the captives need you, under the commander who still knows how to ask heaven to shut an army's courage down. When Judas was gone, both lessons were tested in the dark of a prophetless affliction, and the wicked put forth their heads as if the years of strength had never happened.

Joseph and Azarias had wanted a name. The famine gave names to the wicked instead, lordships written in hunger, sealed with the blood of Judas's friends.

MaccabeesJudasGorgiasBacchidesJudea
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From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

The Book of Maccabees I 5:59The Book of Maccabees I

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria Community Translation · CC-BY

It’s a powerful feeling, one that can drive us to great heights... or lead us to stumble.

Our story today comes from The Book of Maccabees I, a historical account filled with bravery, rebellion, and, well, a little bit of hubris.

Judas Maccabeus and his brother Jonathan were off in the land of Galaad – that's Gilead, a region east of the Jordan River – doing what they did best: fighting valiantly. Meanwhile, Simon, another brother, was holding things down in Galilee, north of Ptolemais (that’s modern-day Akko). Word of their victories, their gevurah (strength and courage), reached the ears of two captains back home: Joseph, son of Zacharias, and Azarias.

These two weren't exactly slacking. They were in charge of local garrisons, but they clearly felt overshadowed. "Let us also get us a name," they declared, "and go fight against the heathen that are round about us."

It's that ambition. That yearning for recognition. We can almost feel their bravado. They gave instructions to the soldiers under their command and marched towards Jamnia, a coastal city.

Big mistake.

Waiting for them was Gorgias, a seasoned military commander. Gorgias and his men came out of the city, ready for battle. The fight was short, brutal, and decisive. Joseph and Azarias were routed. Completely and utterly defeated. They were chased all the way back to the borders of Judea, leaving behind a trail of devastation. The Book of Maccabees tells us that about two thousand Israelites fell that day. Two thousand souls.

What went wrong? It wasn't a lack of courage, perhaps, but a lack of wisdom. They sought glory without the skill or experience to back it up. They were so focused on making a name for themselves that they forgot the importance of strategy, preparation, and humility.

The story serves as a stark reminder: ambition is a powerful force, but it must be tempered with prudence and self-awareness. Sometimes, the greatest victories are the ones we avoid chasing in the first place. What battles are we choosing to fight and are they the right ones?

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The Book of Maccabees I 4:34The Book of Maccabees I

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria Community Translation · CC-BY

They were a small band of Jewish fighters up against the vast and powerful Seleucid Empire. And in the midst of that struggle, they turned to prayer.

What did they pray for? to the Book of Maccabees I, Chapter 4, and listen in.

The prayer isn't flowery or complicated. It’s raw. It’s direct. It’s a plea for divine intervention. "Shut up this army in the hand of thy people Israel," they ask. Essentially, trap them! Confuse them with your power! Make their horsemen useless.

They weren't asking for a gentle nudge in the right direction. They were asking for a miracle.

The prayer continues: "Make them to be of no courage, and cause the boldness of their strength to fall away, and let them quake at their destruction." We're talking about stripping the enemy of their morale, their confidence, their very will to fight. That's the power they were calling upon.

And then comes the most powerful line: "Cast them down with the sword of them that love thee, and let all those that know thy name praise thee with thanksgiving." It's a call for victory, yes, but it's also a call for kiddush (the sanctification blessing over wine) Hashem, sanctifying God's name. Let this victory be so decisive, so undeniable, that everyone will know it was God who delivered them.

So, what happened? The verse reads, "So they joined battle; and there were slain of the host of Lysias about five thousand men, even before them were they slain." Five thousand! That's a massive blow to the Seleucid forces. The Maccabees, against all odds, were victorious.

Lysias, a Seleucid general, was no dummy. He saw his army routed, he saw the courage and the ferocity of Judas's (Judah Maccabee) soldiers – soldiers who were ready to live or die for their beliefs. He realized he was in trouble.

What does Lysias do? Does he give up? No. He retreats to Antiochia, regroups, gathers even more soldiers, and plans to come back for another round. "Now when Lysias saw his army put to flight, and the manliness of Judas’ soldiers, and how they were ready either to live or die valiantly, he went into Antiochia, and gathered together a company of strangers, and having made his army greater than it was, he purposed to come again into Judea."

This is a crucial point. The victory wasn't the end of the story. It was just the beginning. The Maccabees had won a battle, but the war was far from over. It was a constant struggle, a constant need for vigilance, for faith, and for courage.

Perhaps it's a reminder that even when we face seemingly insurmountable challenges, we can find strength in faith, in community, and in the unwavering belief in something greater than ourselves. And even after a victory, we must be prepared for the next challenge. Because the fight for what we believe in is rarely ever truly over.

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The Book of Maccabees I 9:27The Book of Maccabees I

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria Community Translation · CC-BY

The Book of Maccabees I, a historical account of the Maccabean Revolt, wastes no time painting a stark picture. With Judas gone, the "wicked," as the text calls them, started crawling out of the woodwork. They "put forth their heads in all the coasts of Israel," the book says.

It wasn't just a matter of bad people getting bolder. There was also a terrible famine. Now, famine in ancient times was more than just empty bellies; it was societal collapse. People became desperate. The verse reads, "the country revolted, and went with them." Went with whom? With the "wicked." Think about the desperation that must have driven people to side with those they had just fought against, just to survive.

This created an opening for Bacchides, the Seleucid general. He shrewdly appointed the "wicked men" as lords of the country. The people who had actively fought against Jewish traditions, now placed in positions of power.

Then came the purge. Bacchides and his collaborators went after Judas' friends. They hunted them down, dragged them before Bacchides, and exacted brutal revenge. The text pulls no punches: he "took vengeance of them, and used them despitefully." It's a chilling reminder of the very real human cost of these power struggles.

The Book of Maccabees I concludes this chapter with a lament: "So was there a great affliction in Israel, the like whereof was not since the time that a prophet was not seen among them." This is powerful. It directly connects the suffering of the present to the absence of prophetic guidance. A time when the direct line to God seemed broken. A time of spiritual and physical darkness.

What does it mean when leadership falters, when resources dwindle, and when the very fabric of society seems to unravel? A question for all times.

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The Book of Maccabees I 7:36The Book of Maccabees I

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria Community Translation · CC-BY

That feeling is at the heart of this passage from I Maccabees, Chapter 7.

It’s a tense moment, a real clash of worlds. The scene is set with a villain, someone who should know better, desecrating the very space meant for connection with the Divine. This antagonist, consumed by arrogance and rage, isn't just disagreeing; he’s mocking, abusing, and threatening to destroy the sacred.

He’s so confident, so sure of his power, that he actually swears an oath, declaring that if Judas Maccabeus and his army aren't delivered into his hands, he'll burn down the Temple. The sheer chutzpah? Then, consumed by fury, he storms out.

What happens next is truly poignant. The priests, the guardians of this holy space, don't retaliate with violence or anger. Instead, they turn to the only recourse they have left: prayer. They enter the Temple, stand before the altar – the very heart of their faith – and weep. These aren't soldiers or warriors; they are spiritual leaders, and their weapon is their connection to God.

Their prayer is simple, direct, and filled with righteous anger and grief. They remind God that this Temple, this mikdash, was chosen to bear His name, to be a place of prayer and supplication for His people.

"Thou, O Lord, didst choose this house to be called by thy name, and to be a house of prayer and petition for thy people."

Then, they plead for divine intervention. "Be avenged of this man and his host, and let them fall by the sword: remember their blasphemies, and suffer them not to continue any longer."

They are not asking for personal revenge; they are asking for justice, for the protection of the sacred, for an end to the blasphemy and desecration. They're speaking truth to power in the most powerful way they know how. They are calling upon the ultimate power.

What do we do when faced with such overwhelming arrogance and threat? How do we respond when the very things we hold sacred are mocked and threatened? Do we meet force with force? Or do we, like the priests in the Temple, turn to a higher power, to the strength of our faith and the power of prayer? It's a timeless question, one that resonates just as strongly today as it did in the time of the Maccabees.

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