Daniel as Memucan Sealed Vashti's Fate in Heaven

Curated by Maggid·Edited by Arthur Sabintsev·

Memucan is not a minor courtier in Targum Sheni. He is Daniel under another name.

The targum explains that Daniel was called Memucan because heaven had arranged for Queen Vashti's death through him. He had already been exiled with the tribe of Judah, along with Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. Great and mighty works had been done through him, and now his court advice would turn the story toward Esther.

The Persian court has its own procedure. Younger ministers speak first, then elders correct them if needed. Memucan is the youngest, so he speaks first. The targum adds a personal motive: he has a Persian wife wealthier than himself, and he wants wives compelled to honor their husbands.

That mixture is characteristic of the Esther traditions. Human motives are small, tangled, and political. Heaven still uses them. Daniel speaks from inside the machinery of empire, and the result is the removal of Vashti, the opening through which Esther will enter. The court imagines it is managing household order. Providence is moving the throne.

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