This is one of the most daring glosses in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan. The chief butler has told Joseph about a vine with three branches, ripening into grapes that he pressed into Pharaoh's cup (Genesis 40:9-11). The Targum then gives Joseph's interpretation — and a second, larger interpretation written into the same vision.
This is the end of the interpretations of the dream. The three branches are the three Fathers of the world, Abraham, Izhak, and Jakob, the children of whose sons are to be enslaved in Mizraim in clay and brick (work,) and in all labour of the face of the field: but afterwards shall they be delivered by the hand of three shepherds.
Pseudo-Jonathan, redacted in the Land of Israel in the early common era, is doing two readings at once. The vine has a personal meaning for the butler — three days until his restoration. And it has a historical meaning for the whole people: three branches are the three patriarchs; their descendants will be enslaved in Egypt; they will be freed through three shepherds — in the rabbinic tradition usually identified as Moses, Aaron, and Miriam (see Mekhilta, Exodus 16:35; Taanit 9a).
The cup as the cup of wrath
The Targum adds a startling detail. I took the grapes and expressed them into Pharoh's cup, and gave the cup Into Pharoh's hand: It is the vial of wrath which Pharoh (himself) is to drink at the last. The cup the butler will hand to Pharaoh in three days foreshadows a different cup — the cup of God's judgment that Pharaoh will drink at the Sea of Reeds (Exodus 14). The same utensil, the same hand, pouring a very different wine. A prisoner's dream about a vineyard turns out to be a prophecy of Egypt's last drink.
The personal interpretation
Only then does Joseph give the butler his private reading: the three branches are three days until thy liberation. A good reward is coming, because the dream itself was good. Joseph does not withhold the personal meaning in favor of the historical one. He holds both — the destiny of the people and the destiny of the prisoner — in the same breath.
The Sages teach that this is the mark of a true interpreter. A dream is usually at least two stories at once: one about the dreamer's next three days, and one about a larger pattern the dreamer does not yet see. Joseph has the discipline to read both without confusing them.
The takeaway reaches into our own lives. The small images that rise in us at night — a vine, a cup, three branches — are often personal forecasts. They are also, sometimes, fragments of a longer history that has not finished telling itself. A gifted listener holds both layers with care.