Leviticus 3 describes the peace offering—the only sacrifice where the person bringing it actually got to eat part of the meat. The Targum Jonathan adds a small but theologically loaded detail: the worshipper must lay specifically his right hand on the animal's head.
The Hebrew Bible just says "hand." The Targum insists on the right hand, and it does this consistently throughout the chapter—for cattle, for sheep, for goats. This is not a minor scribal choice. In ancient Near Eastern and Jewish thought, the right hand represents power, blessing, and favor. By specifying the right hand, the Targum turns a physical gesture into a theological statement about the intentionality required in worship.
Another quiet addition: the Targum introduces a distinct figure called "the slayer" who actually kills the animal, separate from both the worshipper and the priest. The Hebrew Bible is ambiguous about who performs the slaughter. The Targum clarifies the division of labor—the owner lays hands, a designated slayer kills, and the sons of Aaron handle the blood and the altar.
The chapter's conclusion carries the Targum's most striking insertion. Where the Hebrew Bible says fat and blood must not be eaten, the Targum adds that they shall instead be "sacrificed upon the back of the altar unto the Name of the Lord." This transforms a dietary prohibition into a positive commandment—the fat belongs not to you but to God.
The peace offering was meant to celebrate wholeness between heaven and earth. The Targum makes sure every gesture points in that direction.