"And he shall be a wild ass of a man" (Genesis 16:12) — that he will grow up in the wilderness like a wild ass and dwell in the wilderness like a wild ass, which is free. "His hand against everyone, and everyone's hand against him" — they are equal. "And in the face of all his brethren shall he dwell" — yet another verse says, "in the face of all his brethren he fell" (Genesis 25:18). As long as he had not stretched out his hand against Israel — "he shall dwell"; after he stretched out his hand against Israel — "he fell."
Ishmael the Wild Ass of Man Who Dwelt and Then Fell
Midrash Aggadah, Genesis 16:12
והוא יהיה פרא אדם. שיהיה גדל במדבר כפרא וישב במדבר כפרא שהוא חפשי: ידו בכל ויד כל בו. שווים: ועל פני כל אחיו ישכון. וכתיב אחד אומר על פני כל אחיו נפל (בראשית כה יח), עד שלא נפל פשט ידו לישראל ישכון, לאחר שפשט ידו על ישראל נפל: