God Rebukes Aaron Over the Golden Calf in Tanchuma

[After the death of Aaron's two sons (Leviticus 16:1).] The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: Aaron, did I not write thus in My Torah, "For every matter of trespass, for an ox [etc.]" (Exodus 22:8)? Do you not remember what you did with the ox, as it is said, "And they exchanged their glory for the likeness of an ox" (Psalms 106:20)? "For a donkey" — those Egyptians, of whom it is written, "whose flesh is the flesh of donkeys" (Ezekiel 23:20); you made for them a calf so that they might bow down to it, [as it is said,] "And the mixed multitude that was in their midst" (Numbers 11:4). "For a lamb" — these are Israel, as it is said, "Israel is a scattered lamb" (Jeremiah 50:17). "For a garment" — that one of whom it is written, "You have a garment, come, be a ruler over us" (Isaiah 3:6). "For any lost thing" — for of them it is written, "My people were lost sheep" (Jeremiah 50:6). "Of which one says, 'This is it'" — those who said, "These are your gods, O Israel" (Exodus 32:8). "The cause of both parties shall come before the judges [God]" — this is Moses, of whom it is written, "See, I have made you a god to Pharaoh" (Exodus 7:1); Moses sat and judged them. "Whom the judges [God] condemn" — these are the judges, of whom it is written, "You shall not revile the judges [God]" (Exodus 22:27). "He shall pay double to his fellow" — these are the two sons of Aaron. Thus, "After the death of Aaron's two sons."