5 min read

Haman Climbs High and Sets Catastrophe Rolling

Ahasuerus elevates Haman to check Mordecai, then hands him the pen so ten thousand talents can buy a decree against the Jews.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The King Who Needed a Counterweight
  2. A Judean Man in the Citadel
  3. Give Me the Pen
  4. Scrolls in Every Script
  5. The Catastrophe Already Moving
Haman Climbs High and Sets Catastrophe Rolling Click for full size

The King Who Needed a Counterweight

Ahasuerus sat on a throne that loved spectacle more than wisdom. He knew Mordecai had saved his life. He also knew Mordecai longed for the Temple in Jerusalem to rise again. Gratitude and refusal shared the same palace corridor. The king was not ready to grant the rebuild, and he still felt the debt pressing like a hand on the back of his neck.

So he elevated Haman.

Not as a random favorite only. As a foil. What the one built up, the other might pull down. A counterbalance in flesh and pride. Palace math is often that crude: keep two forces straining against each other so the crown never has to choose cleanly. Courtiers learned the new weather quickly. Knees found Haman. Eyes avoided Mordecai's unbent spine.

Ahasuerus smiled at his own cleverness. Cleverness in a weak king is a kind of fuel for other men's fires.

A Judean Man in the Citadel

In Shushan there was a Judean man, Mordecai son of Yair, and the midrash hears in "man" the same weight Scripture gives Moses: ish, a person who stands in the breach. Moses taught statutes. Mordecai sought good for his people and spoke peace that was also truth. One generation's shepherd shape returned in another costume, linen of the citadel instead of desert cloak, and the stance still rhymed.

He sat in the king's gate and heard plots. He refused a bow that would have cost him nothing except the truth of whom he feared. Haman saw that stance and hated it. A knee that would not bend is an insult no climber forgives.

Children in the Jewish quarter learned Mordecai's name the way earlier children learned Moses': as a person who would not let the people fall without a fight. The comparison would have embarrassed him. It also fit.

Give Me the Pen

"If it pleases the king, let it be written to eliminate them." The bargaining slowed in the telling. Haman did not ask for ink. He asked for the pen: license to write in the royal name, full authority to send letters that traveled as if the throne itself were walking. Power first. Silver after.

Ten thousand talents, offered even before the count of victims was sure. He estimated from the old census of the Exodus and promised weight enough to make greed feel like statesmanship. Craftsmen of the king would weigh it. The treasury would shine. The Jews would vanish from the provinces like a problem solved on paper.

Ahasuerus, who had already made himself a laughingstock with decrees about household language no marriage could obey, now handed catastrophe a seal. The ring left a mark deeper than wax. It left a date on which a people were scheduled to die.

Scrolls in Every Script

Earlier the king had sent scrolls to each province in its own writing, each people in its tongue, as if control of speech inside a home could be legislated from a couch of gold. The world had laughed. Husbands could not compel lentils or language by decree. Now the same machinery of multilingual bureaucracy prepared for a darker mail: dates of death, permissions to plunder, a calendar of annihilation dressed as order.

Haman's ring-impression would ride those roads. Couriers would sleep in inns with death in their satchels. Mordecai would put on sackcloth where perfume usually walked. Esther would learn the cost of silence inside a gilded marriage.

In the Jewish streets of Shushan, women began to count days without knowing why their sleep thinned. Dogs barked at couriers. A tailor refused a rush order because his hands shook. The air already knew before the sackcloth made the crisis visible.

The Catastrophe Already Moving

Elevation is not always reward. Sometimes it is a fuse. Haman climbed high enough to cast a shadow over every Jewish doorway in the empire, and the king who raised him thought he had purchased balance. He had purchased a storm.

Haman walked taller each morning. Elevation fed him. He rehearsed the bow he would never receive from one man, and the rehearsal became a theology of insult. Ahasuerus, busy with banquets and bored with complexity, mistook Haman's hunger for loyalty.

In the citadel, two men still shared the same city air: the Judean who stood like Moses in the breach, and the Agagite who wanted the pen more than peace. The gallows had not been built. The queen had not risked the inner court. But the catastrophe was rolling from the moment a king chose a rival for a savior and called the choice wisdom. Somewhere a scribe sharpened a reed. Somewhere Mordecai looked toward a palace window and began the long work of not despairing.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Legends of the Jews 12:91Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

The Book of Esther, and the tradition of legends surrounding it, offers some pretty intriguing answers.

Think about Ahasuerus, the king in the story. He elevates Haman to a position of incredible power. But why Haman? Was it just random favor? According to the Legends of the Jews, as retold by Ginzberg, there was more to it than met the eye. Ahasuerus knew of Mordecai's deep longing to see the Beit HaMikdash, the Temple in Jerusalem, rebuilt. After all, Mordecai had saved his life! He felt obligated, but wasn't quite ready to grant Mordecai’s wish.

So what does a king do when he’s stuck between a rock and a hard place? He creates… a counterbalance. Ahasuerus saw Haman as the perfect foil to Mordecai. His plan? “What the one built up, the other might pull down."

Where did this animosity between Haman and the Jews even come from?

Well, Ahasuerus was already aware of Haman's deep-seated hatred for the Jewish people. This wasn't some new development. The animosity had been brewing for a while. years before, when the conflict over rebuilding the Temple erupted, both sides sent representatives to Ahasuerus to plead their case.

Mordecai, naturally, represented the Jewish people. And who did the opposition choose? None other than Haman himself! According to Ginzberg's Legends, no one could be found who harbored a more virulent hatred of the Jews than Haman, making him the perfect advocate for those trying to thwart the Temple's reconstruction.

Mordecai, pleading for the restoration of the Temple, facing off against Haman, fueled by an intense, unwavering hatred. It's a clash of ideologies, a battle for the very soul of a nation. It also sets the stage for the dramatic events that unfold in the Book of Esther.

This background illuminates Ahasuerus's motives, painting him as a shrewd, if somewhat manipulative, ruler. He wasn't necessarily acting out of malice. He was playing political chess, using Haman's animosity to maintain a delicate balance of power.

But as we know, playing with fire can lead to getting burned. And in the story of Esther, that fire threatens to consume an entire people. Remember that sometimes, the reasons behind the rise of certain individuals are far more complex and calculated than they appear. And that the consequences can be devastating.

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Esther Rabbah 7:19Esther Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

Another matter: "If it pleases the king, let it be written to eliminate them" (Esther 3:9). The midrash slows down over Haman's negotiation with Aḥashverosh and reads the bargaining as far more deliberate than the verse first suggests. He [Haman] said to him [the king], 'You should write to give me the pen,' meaning give me license to send letters in your name and to act with full royal authority. The request is not for ink but for power, the right to issue a decree that carries the weight of the throne.

And then Haman said, "I will weigh out ten thousand talents of silver by the hands of the king's craftsmen" (Ibid.). The midrash hears in this an offer to submit payment even before the letter is written and the decree fulfilled, so eager is he to seal the destruction of the Jews. Haman said to him, 'At present I do not know their number. When they left Egypt they were six hundred thousand men, and for each of them I will give you one hundred zuz, which equals fifty shekels.'

The Sages then do the arithmetic to show the sum is exact. Haman offered Aḥashverosh ten thousand silver talents. Each talent is the equivalent of sixty maneh, which is the equivalent of one hundred zuz, so the staggering bribe matches the head count of the men who left Egypt. The lesson the midrash draws is chilling. Haman had counted Israel down to the last man and priced each life, turning the people redeemed from Egypt into the very figure of his murderous accounting.

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Esther Rabbah 6:2Esther Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

“There was a Judean man in the Shushan citadel, and his name was Mordekhai, son of Ya'ir, son of Shimi, son of Kish, a Benjamite” (Esther 2:5).“There was a Judean man [ish] in the Shushan citadel” – ish teaches that Mordekhai, in his generation, was the equivalent of Moses, in his generation, as it is written about him: “And the man [veha’ish] Moses was very humble” (Numbers 12:3). Just as Moses stood in the breach, as it is written: “He said He would destroy them, were it not for Moses His chosen one, who stood before Him in the breach…” (Psalms 106:23); also Mordekhai did likewise: “A seeker of good for his people and spokesman of peace for all his descendants” (Esther 10:3).Just as Moses taught Torah to Israel, as it is written: “See, I have taught you statutes and ordinances” (Deuteronomy 4:5), also Mordekhai did so, as it is written: “Matters of peace and truth” (Esther 9:30), and as it is written: “Acquire truth and do not sell” (Proverbs 23:23).“And his name was Mordekhai” (Esther 2:5) – the wicked precede their names: “Naval was his name” (I Samuel 25:25); “Sheva ben Bikhri was his name” (II Samuel 20:21). However, the righteous, their names precede them: “And his name was Manoaḥ” (Judges 13:2); “And his name was Kish” (I Samuel 9:1); “And his name was Elkana” (I Samuel 1:1); “And his name was Boaz” (Ruth 2:1); “And his name was Mordekhai.” It is because they are similar to their Creator, as it is written: “But by My name, the Lord, I was not known by them” (Exodus 6:3).“Judean” – why was he called Judean? Was he not a Benjaminite?6Mordekhai is identified as coming from the tribe of Benjamin in (Esther 2:5). It is because he unified the name of the Holy One blessed be He7Actions which assert that there is only one God are referred to as “unifying the name.” before all creatures; that is what is written: “[And Mordekhai] would not bow and would not prostrate himself” (Esther 3:2). Was he contrary and violating the king’s decree? Rather, when Aḥashverosh commanded [everyone] to prostrate themselves to Haman, he [Haman] carved an idol [and set it] over his heart, intending that they prostrate themselves to the idol. When Haman saw that Mordekhai would not prostrate himself to him, he was filled with fury. Mordekhai said to him: ‘There is a Master who exalts over all the exalted; how can I forsake him and prostrate myself to an idol?’ Because he unified the name of the Holy One blessed be He, he is called Judean [Yehudi], meaning by himself [yeḥidi].8Just as God is only one [yeḥidi] so was Mordekhai called yeḥidi.Some say that he was the equivalent of Abraham in his generation. Just as Abraham allowed himself to be put into the fiery furnace and went about causing people to acknowledge the greatness of the Holy One blessed be He – that is what is written: “And the souls they had gotten in Ḥaran” (Genesis 12:5), so too, Mordekhai, in his time, people acknowledged the greatness of the Holy One blessed be He. That is what is written: “Many of the peoples of the land became Jews, as the fear of the Jews had fallen upon them” (Esther 8:17). He unified the name of the Holy One blessed be He, and sanctified it. Therefore, he is called yehudi, as it is written: “A Judean [yehudi] man” – don’t read it as yehudi, but rather, as yeḥidi.

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