Parshat Bamidbar5 min read

The Meat Was Still in Their Teeth When the Plague Struck

They wept until heaven sent meat, and it came down in layers. The laziest man in the camp gathered ten kor of it. Nobody finished the first mouthful.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Moses Asked Him to Stay and Be Their Eyes
  2. They Said the Bread Would Burst Them
  3. God Turned Away From Them and Spoke to Nobody
  4. The Quail Fell in Layers
  5. The Graves of Craving
The Meat Was Still in Their Teeth When the Plague Struck Click for full size

Moses Asked Him to Stay and Be Their Eyes

The camp was breaking up to move, and Moses went looking for his father-in-law before the poles came down.

The old man had two names and both were true. His daughters had grown up calling their grandfather father, the way small children do, so Reuel stayed stuck in the story, but the man Moses came to find was Chovav, and he was called Chovav because he loved the Torah more than any outsider who ever came near it.

"Come with us," Moses said. "You know where we camp in the desert. You can be our eyes."

Chovav had watched the sea open. He had eaten bread in front of God with Aaron and the elders. He answered anyway. "I will not go. I will go back to my own land, to the place I came from."

Moses asked him twice. The Torah does not record what he said the second time.

They Said the Bread Would Burst Them

Three days out from the mountain the food talk started, and it did not start with hunger. There was food. It fell every morning and lay on the ground waiting.

"Our throats are dried up. There is nothing at all. We have nothing to look at but the manna."

Rabbi Shimon repeated the ugly part of the complaint out loud. They said it would burst their bowels, he said. They stood there in front of bread from heaven and argued that a man cannot swallow and never pass anything, and that whatever they were being fed was going to tear them open from the inside.

Somebody pushed back at him. Then why did God command a spade among their tools, and tell them to dig and cover it over?

Because of the Canaanite traders, he said. Merchants came out to the edge of the camp and sold them things, and what they bought is what they buried. The manna never came back out of anyone. It went into the arms and the legs and stayed there, bread eaten by strong men and taken up whole into their limbs.

God Turned Away From Them and Spoke to Nobody

What happened next in the text is a switch in speakers so quiet that it is easy to walk past.

Israel said their line about having nothing to look at. Then a second voice describes the thing they were refusing, and it is not theirs. It is God, talking over their heads to every generation that had not been born yet, the way a man calls witnesses into a room.

Come and see what they are complaining to Me about.

It was shaped like coriander seed. It had the look of bdellium, the stone out of the country where the gold is good, the one named in the same breath as onyx at the head of the four rivers. That is what was lying on the sand outside their tents every morning, and they called it nothing.

The Quail Fell in Layers

So they wept for meat, and they got meat.

It came down out of the sea wind and it did not come down thinly. Rebbi said the word means it fell in layers, one spread over another over another. Rabbi Yehudah heard a different word inside the same letters and said the birds came down alive, so that every man in the camp had to hold a bird and cut its throat before he could eat it, and the whole camp stood there slaughtering in the dark.

They gathered for a full day, and all that night, and the next day. The laziest man in the camp, the one who lagged and limped and never carried anything, took ten kor for himself, enough to fill a storeroom. Nobody in the camp went short.

The Graves of Craving

You would think that men who gathered like that ate like that.

They did not. The flesh was still between their teeth. He had not finished the first bite, had not swallowed once, and his soul left him with the meat in his mouth. They had not even come loose from the thing they wanted before the anger rose and struck down the fattest of them, and the plague that went through the camp was worse than anything since the day they walked out of Egypt.

They buried them where they fell and named the place for what killed them. Kivroth Hataavah, the graves of craving. Then the camp packed up and walked away from it, and the manna came down the next morning the same as always, shaped like coriander seed, with nobody left in that spot to call it nothing.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

3 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Sifrei Bamidbar 78:1Sifrei Bamidbar

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sifrei by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein · CC-BY

It can be surprisingly complicated! The source turns to a seemingly simple question: Who exactly was Moses' father-in-law? Was it Chovav, or Reuel, or maybe someone else entirely?

The Book of Numbers (Bamidbar) 10:29 says, "And Moses said to Chovav (Yithro) the son of Reuel the Midianite, the father-in-law of Moses." But then, the Book of Exodus (Shemot) 2:18 tells us, "And they came to Reuel, their father.." Wait a minute. Was Chovav the father-in-law, or was it Reuel?

So, what's going on here? The Sifrei Bamidbar, a collection of early rabbinic legal interpretations on the Book of Numbers, wrestles with this very apparent contradiction. How can we reconcile these seemingly conflicting verses?

One explanation offered is that "father" can sometimes refer to a grandfather. The text suggests that young children might have called their father's father "father." Okay, that's one possible solution.

But the discussion doesn't stop there! Rabbi Shimon b. Menassia offers another thought: Perhaps Reuel was his actual name, but he earned the title "the friend (re'a) of God." Remember the verse in (Exodus 18:12)? "And Aaron and all the elders of Israel came to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before God."

Then comes Rabbi Dostai, who proposes that his name was Keini, because he separated himself from the provocative deeds of those who provoke God – the kanai. He distanced himself from those who "provoked Me (kinuni) with a no-god," as it says in (Deuteronomy 32:21). We even find this idea echoed in (Ezekiel 8:3), referencing "the provocative image of provocation (semel hakinah hamekaneh)."

And Rabbi Yossi chimes in, suggesting his name was Keini because he acquired (kanah) Torah for himself. Rabbi Yishmael b. R. Yossi adds that Reuel was his name because he befriended God, drawing a parallel to (Proverbs 27:10): "Your Friend and the Friend of your father do not forsake."

Rabbi Shimon b. Yochai offers a simpler solution: he simply had two names – Chovav and Yithro! "Yithro," he explains, because he added a section ("Yithro") to the Torah.: (Exodus 18:21) says, "And (Yithro said) you shall see from all the people men of valor, etc." This refers to Yithro's advice to Moses about appointing judges. Were these things not known to Moses from Sinai, as it says in (Exodus 18:23): "If you do this thing and God commands you?" Why did they escape Moses? To credit the thing to Yithro. And "Chovav," because he loved (chivev) the Torah. The text emphasizes that there was no other proselyte who loved the Torah as Yithro did.

And here's where the story gets even more interesting. The Sifrei Bamidbar goes on to trace the lineage of Yithro, highlighting the enduring impact of his love for Torah on his descendants. Just as Yithro loved the Torah, so did his descendants love the Torah, as noted in I (Chronicles 2:55): "and the families of scribes who dwelt in Yabetz: Tirathim, Shimathim, Suchathim. (These were the Kenites, etc.")

These names, Tirathim, Shimathim, and Suchathim, aren't just random words. Each one hints at their dedication: * "Tirathim" – because they heard the teruah (a ritual blast from a shofar) from Mount Sinai. Or, because they cried out (mathri'im) and fasted. Or, because they didn't shave themselves. Or, because they sat in the gates (tara) of Jerusalem. * "Shimathim" – because they didn't anoint themselves with oil, mourning the Temple's destruction. * "Suchathim" – because they dwelt in succoth (temporary dwellings).

They even left Jericho to go to Yabetz, to the desert of Judah, to learn Torah from him. This Yabetz was a chassid (a pious person) who prayed for someone to teach, and they were chassidim who entreated God for someone to learn from.

The text continues, drawing parallels to the sons of Yonadav ben Rechav, who, as descendants of Yithro, remained faithful to their ancestor's commitment, refusing to drink wine or build houses, choosing to live in tents instead. Their reward? A promise that there would never be cut off from Yonadav ben Rechav one who stands before God forever.

The passage then broadens, using a fortiori arguments – moving from lesser to greater – to illustrate how God draws near to those who draw near to Him, even those from backgrounds seemingly distant from Israel. It brings in stories like Rachav the Harlot, who hid the spies and whose descendants included eight prophets and, according to some, even Chuldah the prophetess. It mentions the Gibeonites, who deceived Joshua but were ultimately spared. And then there's Ruth the Moabitess, who famously declared, "Your people is my people, and your God is my God" (Ruth 1:16).

The text highlights that even those from nations seemingly excluded ("You shall not come into them, and they shall not come into you," as it says in I Kings 11:2), when they embrace the covenant, are welcomed and blessed.

The Sifrei Bamidbar uses these examples to drive home a powerful point: if God extends such grace to those who were once outsiders, how much more so will He embrace and uplift those Israelites who wholeheartedly follow His will? It's a beautiful and inspiring message about inclusion, redemption, and the transformative power of choosing to draw near to God and Torah.

So, who was Moses' father-in-law? Perhaps he was all these things – Reuel, Chovav, Yithro – a man whose multiple names reflect the many-sided nature of his relationship with God and the enduring legacy he left on the Jewish people. The story isn't just about names, but about the profound impact of choosing righteousness and embracing the Torah, regardless of one's origins. What names might we earn through our actions?

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Sifrei Bamidbar 88:1Sifrei Bamidbar

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sifrei by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein · CC-BY

The Israelites, fresh out of Egypt and sustained by miraculous manna in the desert, certainly did. And their grumbling, as recorded in Sifrei Bamidbar, offers a fascinating glimpse into human nature and divine response.

"(Bamidbar/Numbers 11:6) "And now, our souls are dry. There is nothing": R. Shimon said: They said: It (the manna) will burst our bowels. Can a mortal ingest and not expel!" They were literally being fed from heaven, yet they complained! They claimed the manna, this divine sustenance, would cause them internal distress. Can you imagine? But R. Shimon offers a counter-argument, pointing to (Deuteronomy 23:14) about having a spade for covering excrement. He suggests that what they expelled was what they had acquired from Canaanite merchants, not the manna itself. As it says in (Psalms 78:25), they "ate the bread of abirim", bread that was absorbed in the eivarim, the limbs.

Then comes this intriguing passage: "Only to the manna is our eyes. (7) The manna was (round) like coriander seed, and it looked like crystal. Are they complaining about the manna or describing its beauty? The text tackles this head-on.

The passage in Sifrei Bamidbar cleverly asks if the same people who said, "Only to the manna is our eyes," also described its coriander-like appearance. The answer? No! It suggests a split narrative. The Israelites grumbled, "Only to the manna is our eyes," expressing their discontent. But then, the text says, the Lord "pacified" future generations, saying, "Come and see what they are grumbling to Me about, "The manna was like coriander seed, it looked like crystal!" connecting it to the precious materials described in (Genesis 2:12), "And the gold of that land is good. There is the crystal and the onyx stone."

This is a classic example of what's sometimes called a "split referent" in biblical interpretation – where different speakers are implied within the same passage. The text goes on to give similar examples, highlighting how we need to be careful to understand who is speaking and what their intention is.

Take the example of Judah and Tamar in (Genesis 38:25), or the story of Sisera's mother in (Judges 5:28-31), or even the Philistines' reaction to the Ark in (1 Samuel 4:8). In each case, the text highlights how different voices contribute to the overall narrative, sometimes expressing opposing viewpoints or intentions. It challenges us to listen closely and discern the nuances of each voice.

It’s a reminder that even within a single narrative, there can be multiple perspectives and hidden depths. The Sifrei Bamidbar uses these examples to illustrate a crucial point: Don't take things at face value. Dig deeper. Consider the context. Who is speaking? What is their motivation?

The text even recounts a rather graphic story about the Philistines being afflicted with hemorrhoids because of their arrogance, thinking God had run out of plagues. Their punishment was… well, let's just say it involved mice and internal organs. It’s a stark reminder that arrogance and ingratitude have consequences.

Then there’s the story of Boaz and Ruth. The yetzer hara, the evil inclination, tempts Boaz, but he resists, swearing an oath. It's another example of inner turmoil and the struggle to do what's right.

The passage circles back to the manna. Just as with the other examples, we're asked to consider the different voices at play. The Israelites complain, but God responds by highlighting the manna's beauty and value. It's a powerful reminder that even in our moments of doubt and complaint, there is still beauty and blessing to be found.

What does this all mean for us? Perhaps it's a call to cultivate gratitude, even in the face of challenges. And to listen carefully to the different voices within ourselves and in the world around us, striving to discern truth and meaning in the midst of complexity. Because, like the manna itself, life is often more nuanced and many-sided than it appears at first glance.

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Sifrei Bamidbar 98:1Sifrei Bamidbar

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sifrei by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein · CC-BY

The Torah, in the book of Bamidbar (Numbers), gives us a pretty stark example of that.

The people, they weren't happy with just mann. They craved meat. They whined and complained until God, in a moment of…well, let's just say divine exasperation, promised them quail. Lots and lots of quail.

Bamidbar 11:32 tells us, "And the people rose all that day…" gathering the quail. The Sifrei Bamidbar, a collection of rabbinic legal interpretations on the Book of Numbers, picks up on a subtle nuance in the verse. It plays with the word "hamamit" ("he that gathered least"). Instead of reading it that way, the Sifrei suggests we read it "hamemuat", meaning "the least" among them, implying even the laziest or weakest person managed to gather ten kor (an enormous amount!) of quail.

Then the verse says, "Vayishtechu lahem shatoach." Now, Rabbi Yehudah, in the Sifrei, offers a fascinating interpretation. Don’t read it as "vayishtechu" (and they spread [them] out), he says. Read it as "vayishchatu" (and they slaughtered). The implication? This quail wasn’t just ordinary fowl. It required shechitah, ritual slaughter! This teaches us, according to Rabbi Yehudah, that the quail which descended for them needed to be slaughtered ritually.

Rebbi disagrees. He says we don’t need this interpretation. After all, (Psalm 78:27) already tells us God “rained down upon them meat like dust and winged birds like the sand of seas.” So what does "Vayishchetu lahem shatoach" really mean then, according to Rebbi? That the quail came down in layers, mashtichim.

But here’s the really chilling part. You might think they gathered so much, they must have enjoyed a great feast. Not so fast. Bamidbar 11:33 states, "The flesh was yet between their teeth…" The Sifrei explains: "He (the eater) did not finish biting it before his soul left him." Yikes. Before they could even swallow, they were struck down! As (Psalm 78:31) puts it, "They had not yet been estranged from their craving; their food was still in their mouth, when the wrath of God rose against them and He smote their fattest."

The Sifrei continues, noting the Lord sent a terrible plague, unlike anything they had seen since leaving Egypt. And the place was named Kivroth Hata'avah (the graves of lust) not because that was its original name, but, as Bamidbar 11:34 tells us, "for there they buried the people that lusted." It earned its name from this tragic event.

Finally, the Sifrei addresses a seemingly contradictory statement in the text. Bamidbar 11:35 says they traveled from Kivroth Hata'avah to Chatzeiroth, and they stayed in Chatzeiroth. Then Bamidbar 12:16 says, "And afterward the people traveled from Chatzeiroth", "and they abode in Chatzeiroth." Were there two Chatzeiroth? The Sifrei explains that after initially setting out, the Israelites heard that Miriam had become leprous. They turned back and camped behind her, which is why the text repeats that they stayed in Chatzeiroth.

So, what do we take away from this story? About unchecked desires, about complaining instead of appreciating what we have. Maybe, just maybe, there's wisdom in appreciating the mann, the simple gifts we're already given.

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