6 min read

Heaven Objected When Jacob Called Esau His Lord

Jacob split his herds into droves so his brother would be softened three times before he saw a face. Then he signed the message as a slave.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. A Present for My Lord Esau
  2. Three Angels That Looked Like Thousands
  3. Esau Says It Back
  4. The Shepherd Who Would Not Run Out of Sheep
  5. The Cattle Ran the Other Way
Heaven Objected When Jacob Called Esau His Lord Click for full size

A Present for My Lord Esau

Jacob counted out the herds by the riverbank and worked out what a man's life was worth in goats. Two hundred she-goats, twenty he-goats, two hundred ewes, twenty rams, camels with their young, cows, bulls, donkeys. He split them into droves and put a gap between each drove so that his brother would meet the gift in installments and be softened by it three or four times before he ever saw a face he recognized.

Then he told the drovers what to say when they were stopped. This is an offering to my lord Esau, from his slave Jacob.

He had not seen Esau in twenty years. The last word anyone had brought him was that Esau meant to kill him as soon as their father was buried. Four hundred armed men were coming down the road, and Jacob wrote himself down as property.

God heard the message go out and did not like it. You take something holy and make it common, He told him, when you call Esau lord.

Jacob had an answer ready. He was flattering a wicked man in order to walk away alive. He did not pretend it was anything else.

Three Angels That Looked Like Thousands

He prayed that night, and he did not only pray for himself. He asked that his children's children not be wiped off the earth by Esau's children, and heaven took note of the tears on his face and answered that for his sake they would come through every distress that was coming.

Then God sent three angels down the road toward Esau.

Three. What Esau saw was cavalry. Hundreds of them, thousands, armed to the teeth and riding in four columns, filling the road from edge to edge, and the first column came at him at speed.

Esau went off his horse into the dirt. His four hundred men scattered off the road in every direction, and the riders came past him shouting one line.

"We are the servants of Jacob, the servant of God. Who can stand against us?"

Esau Says It Back

Esau got up out of the road and started arguing with them, and what came out of his mouth was the exact word God had just objected to.

"Then my lord and brother Jacob is your lord," he said. "I have not seen him in twenty years, and I came out today to see him, and this is how you treat me?"

The riders looked down at him. "As the Lord lives, if Jacob were not your brother we would not have left one of you standing. Because of Jacob, we will do nothing to you."

Then they were gone, and Esau collected his men and went on. A league further down the road the second column came at him and did it all again. Then the third. Then the fourth. Four times he was ridden down, four times he was told whose servants they were, four times he was spared on his brother's account, and by the end of it he was not a man riding out to settle a debt. He was a man walking toward someone who apparently owned an army.

The Shepherd Who Would Not Run Out of Sheep

Jacob sent the droves ahead and came behind with his wives and his children, and at the ford of the Jabbok a shepherd was standing in the shallows with sheep and camels of his own.

Cross together, the stranger said. You help me and I will help you.

Jacob agreed on one condition. His animals went over first. He had barely finished saying it before every last one of his sheep was standing on the far bank, dry, as though the river had been folded up and put away.

Then it was his turn. He waded in and started carrying the shepherd's flock across. He carried them all night. However many he took over, there were more on the near shore, and the pile of them did not go down by one animal, and the sky started to gray.

Jacob dropped the sheep he was holding and went for the shepherd's throat with both hands.

"Wizard," he said into his face. "You wizard. Enchantments do not hold at night."

The stranger decided that Jacob should find out who he had been arguing with. He put one finger down on the ground and the ground opened and fire came up out of it between them.

Jacob did not let go. "You think you can frighten me with that," he said. "I am made of fire."

The Cattle Ran the Other Way

In the morning he handed over the present. A tenth of everything he owned on four legs, and pearls, and cut stones, and a hunting falcon on a perch, which was the sort of thing a man like Esau would want.

The animals would not go.

They knew the hand that had fed them and they knew the man standing opposite, and when the drovers tried to walk them over they broke and ran. They ran back through the camp, through the water, out into the scrub, anywhere. The drovers chased them and lost them.

What finally reached Esau was what could not get away. The lame ones. The sick ones. The old ewe that could not keep up. A hunting bird, some jewelry, and a herd of animals too weak to escape, handed over by a man who had signed himself a slave and had spent the night with his hands around an angel's neck.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

3 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Legends of the Jews 6:180Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

Jacob wasn't just praying for himself. According to Legends of the Jews, he was also pleading for the future of his descendants, that they wouldn't be wiped out by Esau's line. He knew the stakes were high, not just for him in that moment, but for generations to come.

As Jacob prayed, seeing Esau and his men approaching in the distance, God heard his plea. He saw Jacob's tears and assured him that, for Jacob's sake, his descendants would be saved from all distress. God responding directly to heartfelt prayer.

The Lord sent three angels ahead of Esau. Now, these weren't your typical winged cherubs. They appeared to Esau and his men as hundreds, even thousands, of warriors on horseback. Armed to the teeth, divided into four columns, ready for anything.

The first division of angels encountered Esau and his four hundred men. They charged toward them, terrifying them so badly that Esau himself fell off his horse! His men scattered in fear. The angels shouted, "Verily, we are the servants of Jacob, the servant of God, and who can stand against us?"

Esau, trying to regain his composure, pleaded, "O, then my lord and brother Jacob is your lord, whom I have not seen these twenty years, and now that I have this day come to see him, do you treat me in this manner?"

The angels responded, "As the Lord liveth, were not Jacob thy brother, we had not left one remaining of thee and thy people, but on account of Jacob we will do nothing to thee." They made it clear: Jacob was the only reason they were showing any mercy.

But the angelic intervention wasn't over yet! As Esau continued on his way, another division of angels appeared and did the same thing, scattering his men and filling them with terror. Then a third division, and finally a fourth! Each time, the same terrifying display of power, the same declaration of loyalty to Jacob.

By the time Esau finally reached Jacob, he was understandably terrified. He believed those four columns of warriors were all servants of his brother. He was prepared for a fight, but what he encountered was something far beyond his expectations.

What does this story tell us? It’s a reminder of the power of prayer, of divine intervention, and of the enduring strength of the tzaddik, the righteous individual. Jacob's devotion wasn't just about him; it extended to his entire lineage. And in his moment of need, that devotion was repaid in a way that reshaped the very course of events.

Full source
Legends of the Jews 6:185Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

Jacob sent messengers ahead, bearing gifts, with instructions to address Esau as "my lord.. from his slave Jacob. But according to the legends, specifically as recounted in Ginzberg's Legends of the Jews, God wasn't exactly thrilled with this approach. The Divine voice, so to speak, reprimanded Jacob: "Thou profanest what is holy when thou callest Esau lord." Jacob, ever quick on his feet, defended himself, explaining he was merely flattering a wicked man to avoid a potentially deadly confrontation. A white lie, perhaps, but with incredibly high stakes.

The story doesn't end there. This whole encounter with Esau is filled with symbolic moments. Jacob sent his servants ahead with the gifts, and followed with his wives and children. As he approached the ford of Jabbok, a shallow part of the river (the Yabbok), something strange happened.

He saw a shepherd.

This wasn't just any shepherd. This stranger proposed they cross the river together, helping each other move their flocks. Jacob agreed, but wisely insisted his animals go first. And here's where it gets interesting. In the blink of an eye, Ginzberg tells us, the shepherd magically transported Jacob's sheep to the other side! Now it was Jacob's turn. He began ferrying the shepherd's flocks across the Yabbok. But no matter how many animals he moved, there always seemed to be more left behind. The night wore on, and Jacob toiled tirelessly, yet the task remained endless.

Finally, patience exhausted, Jacob snapped. He grabbed the shepherd by the throat, shouting, "O thou wizard, thou wizard, at night no enchantment succeeds!" According to Legends of the Jews, the "angel" then decided to reveal himself. He touched the earth, and fire burst forth. But Jacob, remember, is a figure of immense spiritual power. He retorted, "What! Thou thinkest thus to affright me, who am made wholly of fire?"

What are we to make of this nighttime wrestling match? The Zohar, the foundational text of Jewish mysticism, often interprets such encounters as tests of faith and strength. Was this shepherd truly an angel in disguise, testing Jacob's resolve? Was it a battle against his own inner demons, the anxieties and fears that plagued him as he faced the looming encounter with Esau? And what about the wizardry accusation? Was Jacob implying that deception and manipulation were the only tools the shepherd used?

Perhaps this whole episode, as we find in Midrash Rabbah, is a metaphor for the struggles we all face. The endless task of moving the "flocks" across the river represents the unending challenges of life. The "wizard" represents the forces that seek to hinder our progress. And Jacob's ultimate defiance, his refusal to be intimidated, symbolizes the strength we can find within ourselves to overcome any obstacle.

In the end, the encounter at the ford of Jabbok reminds us that even in moments of vulnerability and fear, we possess an inner fire, a resilience that can help us face whatever lies ahead. What "wizard" are you wrestling with tonight?

Full source
Legends of the Jews 6:204Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

After years of estrangement, Jacob, returning to his homeland, prepares for his reunion with his brother Esau. He sends messengers ahead, laden with gifts, hoping to appease Esau's potential wrath. But the story doesn't end there.

When they finally meet, Jacob presents Esau with a lavish offering: a tenth of all his cattle, plus pearls, precious stones, and even a falcon for hunting. According to Legends of the Jews, a compilation of rabbinic lore by Rabbi Louis Ginzberg, even the animals seemed to sense the difference between the brothers. They refused to be owned by Esau, the "villain," and fled from Jacob’s attempt to hand them over. Only the weak and lame were caught and given to Esau.

Esau’s initial reaction is fascinating. He pretends to refuse the gifts. "Oh, no, I couldn't possibly!" But, as Ginzberg tells it, this refusal was just a charade. His hand was outstretched, ready to receive. Jacob, ever the perceptive one, takes the hint. He urges Esau to accept, saying, "Nay, I pray thee, if now I have found grace in thy sight, then receive my present at my hand, forasmuch as I have seen thy face, as I have seen the face of angels, and thou art pleased with me."

Did you catch that? That last part is key. Why would Jacob say that seeing Esau's face is like seeing the face of angels?

Jacob’s words are carefully chosen, laden with double meaning. He wants Esau to believe he has been in contact with angels, hoping to inspire awe and even fear. It's a clever tactic. The Legends of the Jews compares Jacob to a guest invited to a banquet by an enemy plotting his demise. Recognizing the danger, the guest praises the meal, comparing it to one he shared with the king. The implication? Harming someone favored by the king would be a grave mistake.

Essentially, Jacob is saying, "Treat me with respect, because I am connected to something powerful and divine." It's a masterful piece of diplomacy, using words as both a gift and a shield. Jacob, through his carefully chosen words, aims to disarm Esau, transforming a potentially hostile encounter into one of (at least feigned) brotherly affection.

So, what does this all mean? Is Jacob being manipulative? Is he genuinely seeking reconciliation? Perhaps it’s a bit of both. The story reminds us that encounters are often complex, layered with hidden intentions and unspoken power dynamics. Sometimes, the most precious gifts are the words we choose, and the meanings we subtly weave into them.

Full source