4 min read

The Magicians Who Could Not Stand Before Moses

The men who advised Pharaoh to drown Hebrew infants are covered in boils so severe they cannot rise from the floor to face Moses.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Boils That Were Also a Verdict
  2. The Judge Whose Wheat Went Wrong
  3. One Man Between Israel and the Fire
  4. Justice in Skin and Soil

Boils That Were Also a Verdict

Moses threw a handful of furnace soot into the air in front of Pharaoh and it became blisters across an empire. Every man and beast in Egypt erupted at once, the Hebrew word pore'ach spreading across the land the way a disease spreads across skin. The sixth plague looked like a medical event. The rabbis read it as a courtroom verdict delivered in flesh.

The proof was in what happened to the magicians. These men had been Pharaoh's technical experts, capable enough earlier to mimic Moses, turning their staffs into serpents, reproducing a few of the plagues through their own craft. Now they could not stand up. Not before Moses. Not before anyone. The boils had locked them to the floor of the palace.

The rabbis asked why. A sorcerer does not stop working because his skin hurts. These men had previously drowned Hebrew infants on Pharaoh's order. They had stood at the edge of the Nile and watched babies go in and given their professional opinion that the timing was cosmologically sound. The boils were not random biological misfortune. They were the skin of those men saying: you gave that advice, and now you will not stand upright in the presence of the men whose children you helped kill.

The Judge Whose Wheat Went Wrong

But the plague story sits inside a larger argument the tradition was making about how justice actually moves through the world. It does not always come in floods or fires. Sometimes it comes in failed harvests and reputations that quietly collapse.

The tradition found another example in the courts. A judge accepts a bribe or bends his ruling against a poor man. He walks out of the courtroom and goes home to his fields. His wheat fails. His vines dry. His neighbors notice the connection even when he cannot. The rabbis read this not as superstition but as structural fact: the same ledger that governs Egypt's plagues also governs a judge's wheat. Justice is not compartmentalized. It runs through everything.

One Man Between Israel and the Fire

The argument reaches its sharpest point with the Golden Calf. The Israelites have left Egypt, crossed the sea, stood at Sinai, and within forty days have melted their earrings into a calf and are bowing before it. The plague logic should apply here too. What they did deserves what they get.

Except Moses plants himself in the gap. He does not run from the fire or explain the people's psychology to God or propose a reduced sentence. He says: if You destroy them, remove me from the book You have written. Put my name next to theirs in the ledger, or keep them alive.

The tradition read this moment against the magicians in the palace. Those men could not stand before Moses because of what they had done with their counsel. Moses could stand before God precisely because he was willing to stand in the wrong direction, away from safety, toward the people he had every reason to disown. The plague verdict and the Calf intercession belong to the same argument. Bodies that bow toward injustice get locked to the floor. Bodies that stand between a people and annihilation get to argue with God and win.

Justice in Skin and Soil

The full span of this teaching runs from the magicians unable to rise from Pharaoh's palace floor, through the judge's failed harvest, to Moses refusing to leave the people even after they have made a calf. Each case is the same case. The account is always open. The consequences always arrive through the texture of ordinary life, through skin, through crops, through the willingness or refusal to stand in a hard place and stay standing.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

3 sources

The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Shemot Rabbah 11:6Shemot Rabbah

The verse in (Exodus 9:10) tells us, "They took soot of the furnace, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses threw it heavenward; and it became boils erupting into blisters upon man and upon beast.” But it’s that word "erupting" – pore’aḥ in Hebrew – that catches the Rabbis' attention. What exactly does pore’aḥ mean? Shemot Rabbah makes a connection to (Leviticus 13:12), where we find the phrase "paro’aḥ tifraḥ" which refers to a skin eruption associated with leprosy. So, according to this interpretation, the boils weren't just boils. They were accompanied by something akin to leprosy, adding another layer of suffering and defilement to the Egyptian population!

Then there’s (Exodus 9:11): "The magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils, as the boils were upon the magicians, and upon all the Egyptians.” Now, why couldn’t these magicians, who had previously been able to mimic some of Moses's miracles, suddenly stand before him? Shemot Rabbah offers a powerful explanation. It wasn't just the physical discomfort of the boils. The Rabbis argue that these very magicians had advised Pharaoh to cast every newborn Israelite son into the Nile, hoping to eliminate Moses (as we see referenced in Shemot Rabbah 1:24). They had even condemned Moses to death for a childhood incident where he removed Pharaoh's crown and placed it on his own head (Shemot Rabbah 1:26). The very people who plotted against Moses were now brought low, unable to even face him because of their own suffering. The plague, therefore, becomes a form of divine retribution.

Finally, the text touches on the hardening of Pharaoh's heart. "The Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not heed them; as the Lord had spoken to Moses" (Exodus 9:12). This is a complex and often debated point. Shemot Rabbah explains that after the first five plagues, God saw that Pharaoh was unyielding. From that point on, God declared that even if Pharaoh wanted to repent, his heart would be hardened so that he would receive his full punishment. This echoes God's earlier statement in (Exodus 7:3), "But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart." It's a difficult concept, suggesting that at a certain point, Pharaoh's fate was sealed.

What does this tell us? Perhaps it highlights the importance of seizing opportunities for repentance and change before it's too late. It also emphasizes the idea that our actions have consequences, and that those who inflict suffering on others may ultimately face suffering themselves. And, it reminds us that even within a seemingly straightforward narrative like the story of the Exodus, layers of meaning and interpretation await, inviting us to engage with the text on a deeper, more personal level.

Full source
Shemot Rabbah 31:8Shemot Rabbah

One minute someone is a hero, the next. well, not so much. It's human nature. But what about those in positions of authority, like judges? Do our shifting opinions of them have consequences?

Shemot Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Exodus, explores this very question. It all starts with a seemingly simple verse from (Exodus 22:26): “For that alone is his covering, it is his garment for his skin; in what shall he lie? It shall be that when he cries out to Me, I will hear, as I am gracious.” This verse speaks of compassion, of hearing the cries of the vulnerable. Then, almost immediately after, we get a seemingly unrelated verse: “You shall not curse judges, and a prince among your people you shall not revile" (Exodus 22:27).

What's the connection?

The Rabbis of the Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary), those masters of interpretation, saw a profound link. They tell a story: A man has a case and the judge rules in his favor. Elated, he praises the judge as the best in the world. But, wouldn’t you know it, he finds himself back in court before the very same judge, who this time rules against him. Suddenly, the judge is the biggest fool imaginable!

The people around him call him out: "Yesterday, he was praiseworthy! Today a fool?"

This, according to Shemot Rabbah, is why the verse cautions us, "You shall not curse judges." It's not just about being polite (though that's always a good idea!). It's about something deeper.

The Midrash goes on to say that if you curse judges, you are, in effect, cursing your crops. What?! Where does that come from? Well, the text connects it to the following verse: “The surfeit of your crop and the outpouring of your juices you shall not delay” (Exodus 22:28). The idea is that disrespecting the system of justice, represented by the judges, disrupts the flow of blessing, impacting even the land's fertility.

It's a powerful image, isn't it? The integrity of the legal system directly tied to the abundance of the harvest. We find a similar sentiment expressed in the Book of Ruth: “It was in the days when the judges judged [shefot hashofetim]," which the Midrash cleverly interprets as "it was in the days of judging the judges," there was a famine in the land” (Ruth 1:1). When the judges themselves are being judged, when the system is undermined, the land suffers.

But it doesn't stop there. The Midrash expands on the verse, “The surfeit of your crop and the outpouring of your juices you shall not delay,” applying it to the proper separation of tithes – terumah (the priestly offering) and ma'aser (the tithe). Don't get the order wrong, the text warns!

But what if you do act properly? What if you do respect the system and separate the tithes correctly? The reward, according to Shemot Rabbah, is male children, as it is stated: “The firstborn of your sons you shall give to Me” (Exodus 22:28). This connects back to the time in the wilderness when the firstborn of Israel served as priests, as we see in (Exodus 24:5): “He sent the young men of the children of Israel [and they sacrificed burnt offerings].”

Of course, that all changed with the sin of the Golden Calf. The firstborn lost their privileged status, and the Levites were chosen to take their place: “I have taken the Levites…in place of every firstborn” (Numbers 3:12).

So, what's the takeaway from all this? It's not just about avoiding curses or separating tithes in the right order. It's about recognizing the delicate balance of a just society. Respect for those in positions of authority, even when we disagree with their decisions, is vital for the well-being of the whole community. Disrespecting them, the Midrash suggests, can have far-reaching consequences, impacting everything from our crops to our children.

It makes you think, doesn't it? How do we balance our right to critique with our responsibility to uphold the foundations of a just society? It's a question worth pondering, even today.

Full source
Shemot Rabbah 43:6Shemot Rabbah

That’s kind of the situation Moses found himself in after the incident of the Golden Calf. The people had strayed, big time, and God was understandably furious. But Moses, ever the devoted leader, steps in to try and temper that divine wrath.

How does he do it? That’s where it gets interesting. Shemot Rabbah, a collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Exodus, gives us two fascinating perspectives on Moses' plea: “Lord, why is Your wrath enflamed against Your people?” (Exodus 32:11).

Rabbi Yehuda offers an analogy. Imagine a king who puts a trusted member of his household in charge of his wealth. This steward, in turn, lends out money, but those borrowers flee, leaving the king empty-handed. Naturally, the king is furious! He asks, "Did I put you in charge to lose it all?" But the steward responds, "I'll take responsibility. I'll make sure you get it back. So-and-so is a guarantor, they have the resources."

Rabbi Yehuda sees Moses playing a similar role. God’s "wealth" is the Torah, and the Israelites, by worshipping the Golden Calf, have essentially defaulted on their commitment. So Moses steps up and says "Don't be angry! I, along with Aaron, Joshua, Caleb, and all the righteous, will take responsibility. We will fulfill the Torah." It's a bold move, placing himself and others as guarantors for the people's behavior. He's saying, “Trust us, we’ll make sure Your investment pays off.”

Rabbi Neḥemya offers a different, even more audacious, approach. He imagines Moses arguing that the Israelites were actually helping God! "Master of the universe," Moses says, "they assisted You! The calf will assist You; you will cause the sun to shine, and it, the moon; You, the stars, it the constellations; You will cause the dew to fall, it will cause the wind to blow; You will cause the rain to fall, and it will cause plants to grow."

Outlandish. It's almost absurd. But maybe that’s the point. He's trying to show God the ridiculousness of being angry at something so utterly powerless.

Of course, God isn't buying it. “You, too, are mistaken like them; it lacks substance!” God retorts. The calf is just an idol, a meaningless object. But Moses presses on, "If so, why are you angry at Your children?” He questions why God is appearing jealous of something with no power. Alternatively, he suggests that if they crafted it thinking it would be useful, they are not deserving of punishment.

Moses is highlighting the apparent absurdity of divine jealousy over an object. It's a risky argument, bordering on irreverent, but it emphasizes the depth of Moses' commitment to his people. He's willing to challenge God, to push the boundaries of what's acceptable, all in the name of advocating for the Israelites.

What can we learn from these two interpretations? Both Rabbis emphasize the importance of intercession and advocacy. Rabbi Yehuda stresses taking responsibility, while Rabbi Neḥemya highlights the potential for misplaced anger and the need for perspective.

The story of the Golden Calf is a dark chapter, but within it shines the unwavering devotion of Moses. He wasn't afraid to stand up to God, to reason, to plead, and even to challenge, all to protect the people he led. And isn't that what true leadership is all about? Protecting those you lead, even when they make mistakes, and helping them find their way back to the right path. It’s a powerful reminder that even in the face of divine wrath, compassion and advocacy can make a difference.

Full source