Parshat Terumah6 min read

The King Who Shamed a King and Grazed With the Beasts

Nebuchadnezzar fed a sworn king barley and grazed him before the nations, so God drove the emperor onto all fours in his own field.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Feast Where a Vassal Learned His Master
  2. The Kings Who Whispered Across the Border
  3. Barley and the Standing Shame
  4. The Master of the Earth on All Fours
  5. The One Burden God Laid on Israel

The meat came to the table already singed at the edges, dark and glistening, the way they cooked it in Babylon. Zedekiah sat in the seat of honor and could not stop staring at the man across from him. Nebuchadnezzar tore into the food. Grease ran into his beard. Spittle slid down with it and hung there, and he did not wipe it, and no one in that hall dared tell the master of the earth that his chin was wet.

Zedekiah had come up out of Judah carrying a gift, the small tribute of a small king. He had expected a throne, a crown, perhaps a voice like thunder. He had not expected this. To this one the whole world bows, he thought, watching the spittle swing. To this.

The Feast Where a Vassal Learned His Master

Every king under heaven was bound to Babylon in those years. The decree had gone out from the God of Israel Himself, and even the beasts of the field were handed over to serve Nebuchadnezzar, so that no mouth could argue the matter. Zedekiah knew the verse. He had read it and he had hated it.

So at the close of the meal, when Nebuchadnezzar leaned back fat and satisfied and called for an oath, Zedekiah did not refuse. The king made him swear by the God of Israel. "You will not go home and leave me," Nebuchadnezzar said, and the word went out of Zedekiah's mouth, sworn on the Name, witnessed by the reclining kings around the hall. Then he was let go, and the gates of Babylon opened, and he rode back to the land of Israel with the taste of singed meat still in his throat.

And on the road home, somewhere between the rivers, he began to scorn the man with the wet beard. A king who eats like that. A king who cannot keep his own spit. Zedekiah broke the oath the way a man snaps a dry reed, and told himself it was nothing. The prophet Ezekiel heard, and cried out against the one who scorned an oath and broke a covenant and thought God would not notice.

The Kings Who Whispered Across the Border

Other kings had reclined at that feast. They had watched Zedekiah swear. Now they watched him laugh, back in Judah, telling the story of the dripping beard to anyone who would listen, mocking the master they all feared.

So they sent word. Send a lamb to the ruler of the land, the message ran, and the riddle inside it was sharp as a knife. Recognize for whom the man is truly ruling. Look at Zedekiah sitting in Jerusalem and ask yourself who he answers to, and whether he answers at all. The whisper crossed the border and reached the throne in Babylon, and Nebuchadnezzar set down whatever was in his hand.

He had made this little king swear by the little king's own God. And the little king had spat on it.

Barley and the Standing Shame

The soldiers came fast. They brought Zedekiah down to Babylon, and Nebuchadnezzar did not kill him, not at first, because killing ends the humiliation too quickly. He fed him barley, the fodder of animals, and he made him stand. He stood him up in the open and stripped the dignity off him a handful at a time, day after day, a king grazing on beast-food while the master of the earth watched and the bound kings of the world filed past to look.

This was the man who had stared at a wet beard and felt himself superior. Now the world stared at him.

And the Holy One, blessed be He, watched the watching. So this is how you shame a king, He said into the hall that no human ear could hear. By My life, you will not leave the world until every creature alive mocks the way you have made them mock him. And just as you shamed him, you will be shamed before all that breathes.

The Master of the Earth on All Fours

The sentence came down on Nebuchadnezzar inside his own lifetime, the way it comes down on all the wicked, who rot while they still draw breath. They drove him out from among men. The crown meant nothing now. His nails grew into talons and his hair into feathers and he was put out into the field to eat the grass like the oxen he had once handed barley to a king to eat.

And the field did not pity him. The violence he had done to beasts came back as the terror of beasts. He became a mate to every wild animal, mounted and mocked by the creatures of the open ground, the lord of all kingdoms reduced to one more body in the herd. What had earned him this? Only that he shamed Zedekiah. The same God who had handed him the whole earth, beasts and kings and all, now took it back one humiliation at a time.

The One Burden God Laid on Israel

For the puffed-up soul is never upright within. Nebuchadnezzar had been made king over everything and was not content with his portion. He would look at himself and burn with shame and say only, "I am a king," as if the title could fill the hollow. He troubled the whole world and was never full.

And the Holy One, blessed be He, turned from that bottomless emperor to a small freed people and asked them for one thing. Not the world. Not tribute hauled up under guard. He troubled no other nation, only Israel, and the trouble was this: let them take up a contribution for Me. A gift of the heart, lifted and set apart. The tyrant grasped at every kingdom and ended on all fours in a field. The God who owned the kingdoms knelt His request down to a single offering, freely given, from the one people He actually wanted.


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From the tradition

Sources

2 sources

The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Vaera 18:1Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Vaera

Another interpretation (of Proverbs 22:29): "He shall stand before kings." This is the Holy One, blessed be He, of whom it is written, "But as for you, stand here with Me" (Deuteronomy 5:28). "He shall not stand before obscure men", this is Pharaoh, [as it is written:] "Rise up early in the morning" (Exodus 9:13). All the wicked become corrupted during their lifetimes.

You find in the case of Zedekiah, king of Judah, that all the kings were subjugated to Nebuchadnezzar. What is written about him? "(And) [And also] the beasts of the field have I given him to serve him" (Jeremiah 27:6). Zedekiah went up to bring a gift. Nebuchadnezzar said: Dine with me at noon. And he made a feast, and a Babylonian feast is not like a feast of the Land of Israel. He set before him meat that had been singed. He saw Nebuchadnezzar eating, with his spittle dripping down upon his beard. And Zedekiah was looking at him and was astonished, and said: To this one the whole world is subjugated! He dined with him.

What did he do? After he had dined, he took Zedekiah and made him swear. He said to him: That you shall not go to your land and leave me. But he departed and came to the Land of Israel. He began to scorn him, and he denied that oath. And Ezekiel cried out against him, "who scorned [his oath]" (Ezekiel 17:16).

The kings who were reclining beside him heard, and they sent and said to him: Zedekiah sits and mocks you. And from where do we know that they sent and said this to him? Rabbi Samuel said: It is written, "Send a lamb (kar) to the ruler of the land" (Isaiah 16:1). What is kar? It is like a man who says to his fellow: Recognize (hakkeir) for whom he is ruling the land. And from where do we know that he had sworn to him? As it is said, "And he also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God" (II Chronicles 36:13).

What did he do? Immediately he sent and brought him, and he was feeding him barley, and standing him up and shaming him with disgrace. The Holy One, blessed be He, said: So you shame him! By your life, you shall not depart from the world until all creatures mock you, as it is said, "And they shall drive you from among men" (Daniel 4:29). And not only that, but just as you shamed him, so you shall be shamed before all creatures. What is written? "And the violence done to the beasts shall terrify them" (Habakkuk 2:17). Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: that he became a mate to every beast and wild animal. And what caused him this shame? It was only because he shamed Zedekiah.

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Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Terumah 3:3Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Terumah

[Another interpretation of (Exodus 25:2): AND LET THEM TAKE FOR ME A CONTRIBUTION.] The Holy One, blessed be He, said to them: I do not trouble any other nation, only you. What is written (in Habakkuk 2:4)? "BEHOLD, HIS SOUL IS PUFFED UP, IT IS NOT UPRIGHT WITHIN HIM; BUT THE RIGHTEOUS SHALL LIVE BY HIS FAITHFULNESS." "BEHOLD, HIS SOUL IS PUFFED UP", this is Nebuchadnezzar. How so? The Holy One, blessed be He, made him king over the whole world, yet he was not content with his portion. "IT IS NOT UPRIGHT WITHIN HIM", for he would look upon himself and be ashamed, and he would say, "I am a king"; and so it says, "IT IS NOT UPRIGHT WITHIN HIM." "BUT THE RIGHTEOUS SHALL LIVE BY HIS FAITHFULNESS", in the world to come the Holy One, blessed be He, judges human beings, each and every one together with the people of his own craft, and the righteous one shall live with the faithful. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to them: Each and every one lives from his craft, and I redeemed you from Egypt, yet you do not set aside for Me a contribution. (Exodus 25:2): AND LET THEM TAKE FOR ME A CONTRIBUTION.

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