Parshat Naso7 min read

Moses Bent His Ear in the Mishkan to Hear If God Was Still Angry

The tablets were already in pieces and God had said the reckoning was not closed. Moses went into the finished tent alone and listened.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. He Went In Alone to Listen
  2. The Voice Came Back Changed
  3. The Word That Cut Out the Firstborn
  4. The Blind Man and the Lamp
  5. The Song at the Well Left Him Out
Moses Bent His Ear in the Mishkan to Hear If God Was Still Angry Click for full size

He Went In Alone to Listen

The boards of the Mishkan were standing where the calf had been melted down, the curtains hung, the cloud had come down over the tent, and the whole camp outside was celebrating. Moses went in by himself, bent his head, and put his ear to the place where the voice used to arrive.

He needed one answer. Forty days on the mountain, a calf of gold in the camp below, the tablets broken on the rock, three thousand dead before nightfall. He had begged then, and God had relented then. But afterward God had added a line that Moses could not get out of his ear. On the day of My reckoning, I will reckon their sin upon them.

So he stood there to hear which name would answer him. If the voice came as El, which is a word for strength, the same word used for the mighty men of a conquered land, then God was still angry and the anger was standing in the room with him. If it came as the Lord, which is the name of mercy, it was finished.

The Voice Came Back Changed

Before the sanctuary, speech from God had poured into Moses like a current of water. Nobody else in the camp could catch a syllable of it. They knew it had come only because his face went red, and they would nudge each other and say: it is happening again.

What arrived this time was pleasant. Good to listen to. A voice a person could stand inside.

"He will speak peace to His people."

Then the rest of it, without any hedging. "In the past there was enmity between Me and My children. There was hatred between Me and My children, and quarrelling between Me and My children. Now that the Tabernacle is built there is love between Me and My children, and peace between Me and My children."

And because Moses had been listening for a name, God gave him the name twice over. The Lord, the Lord, merciful and gracious. "Exactly as I dealt with them by mercy before they did that thing, so I deal with them now."

The line Moses heard had a hook on the end of it, and he did not miss the hook. Let them not return to folly.

The Word That Cut Out the Firstborn

Peace did not mean nothing had happened. Somebody paid.

Since the night the destroyer passed over the doorways in Egypt, the firstborn sons of Israel had held the service. That was their standing, older than the priesthood, older than the tent. Then Aaron had lifted his hands in front of the golden calf and the camp had shouted, "These are your gods, O Israel." That word, these, throws out whatever came before it. It threw out the firstborn.

Levi had not bowed. When Moses stood in the gate of the camp and called for whoever was on God's side, the men of that one tribe walked over to him, and then they went through the camp with swords, and what they did was terrible, and they did it.

So when the tribes were numbered, God counted Levi differently. He went through the families one at a time and said the names out loud. Gershon's sons, Livni and Shimi. Kehat's sons, Amram and Yitzhar, Hevron and Uziel. Merari's sons, Mahli and Mushi. He had not done that for anyone else. And after each clan had been totalled on its own, the three totals were added into one number, so that no Levite could rank himself above another. Kehat carried the holy things on his shoulder and Merari carried the boards, and heaven loved them the same.

Moses set eight watches of priests to take the service in turn. Centuries later David broke the eight into twenty-four.

The Blind Man and the Lamp

Then God asked Israel for light.

They pushed back. "Master of the universe, You tell us to kindle lamps in front of You? You are the light of the world. Light lives with You."

The answer came as a story about two men on a road, one sighted and one blind. The sighted man led the blind man the whole way, held his arm at the bad ground, walked him to the door. Then, inside, he said, "Kindle that lamp and give me light."

The blind man turned on him. "You supported me on the road. You walked me the entire way. And now you tell me to light your lamp?"

"So that you will not be in my debt for the road," the sighted man said.

God was the one with eyes. Israel groped along a wall like the blind. He had gone in front of them in a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night and lit the desert for them the whole way, and now He wanted seven small flames lifted toward Him in a tent, so the nations would look and say: see how Israel gives light to the One who gives light to the world.

The Song at the Well Left Him Out

Years later, in the wilderness, the princes of the tribes stood over a rock and drew on it with their staffs, and water came up. It ran out between the banners of the camp until a woman who wanted to visit a friend under another banner went across by boat. It ran outside the camp in a wide circle and left green ground behind it and trees where nothing had grown.

Then Israel sang. Rise up, well, that the princes dug.

Moses is not in the song. He had been sentenced by water, at the rock where he struck instead of speaking, and a man does not sing the praises of his executioner.

God is not in the song either. A steward once made a banquet for his king and the king asked at the door, "Is my friend inside?" They told him no. He said, "Then I am not going in."

The well followed them the rest of the way and finally went down into the sea at Tiberias. From the top of the height where Moses would climb to die, a man looking out over the wasteland can still see it down there in the water, round and bright as a full oven.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

6 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Bamidbar Rabbah 12:1Bamidbar Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

Bamidbar Rabbah turns to Tabernacle, The Golden Calf.

They connect this moment of completion and consecration to (Psalm 85:9): "I will hear what the Almighty Lord has to say, for He will speak peace to His people and to His pious ones; let them not return to folly." Why this verse? Because, as the Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) points out, the Golden Calf incident had deeply angered God. Remember, it's written, "The Lord said to Moses: I have seen this people…" (Exodus 32:9). The very next verse is pretty intense: "Now, let Me be, and My wrath will be enflamed against them, and I will destroy them" (Exodus 32:10). Whoa.

Moses, of course, interceded, begging for mercy. And God relented, as it's stated: "The Lord reconsidered the evil…" (Exodus 32:14). But, and here's the rub, the text says that "umbrage remained in His heart." Even after forgiveness, a residue of disappointment and anger lingered. As it says, "On the day of My reckoning, I will reckon their sin upon them" (Exodus 32:34).

Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon paints a vivid picture: Moses, after the Tabernacle was built, "went and bent his ear in the Tabernacle," listening intently. He wondered, did this "umbrage" still exist? Was God still holding back, barely tolerating them? He asks, is God acting with the attribute of strength (ha’el), or with the attribute of mercy (Lord)? Because ha’el, as the Midrash notes, is associated with strength, like in (Ezekiel 17:13), "And he took the mighty of [eilei] the land." In contrast, "Lord" is tied to mercy, as in (Exodus 34:6): "Lord, Lord, merciful and gracious."

And then, the answer comes. The Holy One, blessed be He, assures Moses that no, there is no lingering resentment. Rabbi Simon points out the repetition of "Lord, Lord" in (Exodus 34:6). It signifies that God would act with mercy just as He had before the sin.

Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon describes Moses hearing a "pleasant voice, an excellent voice." Before, Moses would stand, and the divine speech would enter his ear like a current of water. While no one else could hear it, his reddened face would signal the arrival of divine communication. But now, with the Tabernacle complete, he heard something different: "For He will speak peace to His people and to His pious ones" (Psalms 85:9).

Rabbi Berekhya HaKohen (a priest), quoting Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon, drives the point home: God says to Moses, "In the past there was enmity between Me and My children...but now that the Tabernacle was crafted there is love between Me and My children, peace between Me and My children." The Tabernacle, then, becomes a symbol of restored relationship. It's a physical manifestation of God's complete forgiveness and renewed love. The “pious ones” mentioned in (Psalms 85:9), says the Midrash, are the tribe of Levi.

Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish asks a powerful question: Why are we even using Psalms to understand this? This isn't just poetry; it's Torah! And he points to (Numbers 6:26), "And grant you peace." When does this happen? "On the day that Moses concluded [erecting the Tabernacle]."

So, what does this all mean for us? It suggests that true reconciliation isn't just about words. It's about creating something new, something tangible, that symbolizes the renewed connection. The Tabernacle wasn't just a building; it was a statement. A statement that said, "We are starting over. We are rebuilding trust. We are committed to a future of peace." And maybe, just maybe, that's a lesson we can all take to heart.

Full source
Bamidbar Rabbah 3:10Bamidbar Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

The verse He says that wherever eleh appears, it acts like a reset button, essentially rejecting what came before. On the other hand, ve'eleh – "and these" – adds to what was previously stated. So, if eleh rejects something in this verse, what exactly is it rejecting?

In Rabbis, it's rejecting the firstborn of Israel! Remember the Golden Calf incident? The firstborn, who traditionally held a priestly role, were tainted by their participation in that act of idolatry. Thus, the Levites, who remained faithful, stepped in to take their place, becoming the tribe dedicated to serving in the Mishkan, the Tabernacle.

The story doesn't end there. The text continues, "And these are the names of the sons of Gershon [by their families]: Livni and Shimi" (Numbers 3:18). And then, "the sons of Kehat: Amram and Yitzhar, Ḥevron and Uziel" (Numbers 3:19); and "the sons of Merari by their families: Maḥli and Mushi" (Numbers 3:20). Notice anything special here? The text meticulously lists the families of the Levites.

The Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) points out just how much God seems to cherish the Levites. It says: see how beloved the Levites are, as the Holy One blessed be He engaged Himself in all their families to count their names, what He did not do regarding Israel. God Himself took the time to enumerate their lineages, something not done for the entire Israelite nation. This emphasizes their special status and the Divine attention they receive. It's evidence of their dedication and faithfulness.

And finally, there's a link to the priestly watches in the Beit Hamikdash, the Temple in Jerusalem. Our Rabbis say that these listed families are connected to the eight priestly watches that Moses initially established, acting on God's command. Later, King David expanded these to twenty-four, as we learn in the Tosefta (Taanit 3:2), creating a more structured system for the priesthood and the Levites to serve in the Temple.

So, what does this all tell us? This passage from Bamidbar Rabbah reveals the Levites’ unique role and elevated position. They were chosen to replace the firstborn after the sin of the Golden Calf, and their lineage was carefully documented by God Himself. They were the foundation for the priestly service in the Mishkan and later the Beit Hamikdash.

What qualities did the Levites possess that made them so worthy of this Divine favor? Perhaps that's the real message hidden within these ancient words.

Full source
Bamidbar Rabbah 3:2Bamidbar Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

It's one that our sages grappled with too.

This week, in our journey through Bamidbar Rabbah, specifically Bamidbar Rabbah 3, we stumble upon a fascinating exploration of being chosen and being brought near. It all starts with the verse, "Bring the tribe of Levi near.." (Numbers 3:6), which then connects to a verse in Psalms (65:5): "Happy is one You choose and bring near."

The rabbis don't just take that at face value. They dig deeper. They ask: What does it really mean to be chosen? What does it mean to be brought near? And are they the same thing?

This teaching presents a powerful idea: "Happy is the man whom the Holy One, blessed be He, has chosen even if He did not bring him near, and happy is the man whom the Holy One, blessed be He, brought near, even if He did not choose him." It suggests two distinct paths to closeness with the Divine.

The text then brings examples. Abraham and Jacob, were they chosen? Absolutely! The text cites (Nehemiah 9:7) ("You are the Lord God, who chose Abram") and (Psalms 135:4) ("For the Lord has chosen Jacob for Himself"). But, according to this passage, they brought themselves near. The text references Bereshit Rabba 63:10 which interprets (Genesis 25:27), "Jacob was a wholesome man who resided in tents," to mean he dedicated himself to Torah study in the study halls of Shem and Ever. They actively sought connection. Moses, too, was chosen – "Were it not for Moses, His chosen" (Psalms 106:23) – but again, the text suggests, he wasn't necessarily "brought near" by God.

Then we have figures like Jethro (Yitro) and Rahab. Shemot Rabba 27:2 and Ruth Rabba 2:1 tell us that they were brought near, but not necessarily chosen in the same initial way. They found their way into the fold through different means.

There's a wonderful anecdote in the text about a noblewoman who asks Rabbi Yosei if God just brings near whomever He wants. Rabbi Yosei presents her with a basket of figs, and as she carefully selects the best ones, he asks her: "Do you know how to select and the Holy One blessed be He does not know how to select? One whom He sees that his deeds are good, He chooses him and brings him near." It's a beautiful way of saying that our actions, our choices, play a role in whether we are drawn closer.

But the story doesn't end there. Rabbi Nehemya, in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak, adds another layer of complexity. "Not everyone who is near remains near, and neither does everyone who is distant remain distant." People can be chosen, rejected, and then brought near again. Or chosen, rejected, and not brought near.

Think of Aaron. Chosen as a priest, but then facing God's anger, and ultimately brought near again. Or Saul, chosen as king, then rejected, and ultimately not brought near again. And then there's David. Chosen, but then seemingly rejected when he's ostracized. But he accepts his ostracization, as evidenced by his actions in II (Samuel 15:30), and ultimately, he’s brought near again, perhaps through the guidance of his teacher, Ira the Ya’irite, as alluded to in (Psalms 119:79).

Rabbi Yehoshua of Sikhnin, in the name of Rabbi Levi, then lists six things that were chosen: the priesthood, the Levites, Israel, the royal house of David, Jerusalem, and the Temple. Each one, evidence of the idea of divine selection.

The passage concludes by emphasizing the double blessing of being both chosen and brought near, exemplified by Aaron and the Levites. They are the ones who dwell in God's courtyards, who are "sated by the bounty of Your House" (Psalms 65:5), because they partake in the tithes brought to the Temple, as described in (Numbers 18:21).

So, what does all this mean for us? It's a dynamic process of choosing and being chosen, of drawing near and being drawn near. Sometimes we initiate the connection, sometimes it's initiated for us. Sometimes we stumble, fall, and have to find our way back. The key is to remain open, to strive for good deeds, and to remember that even when we feel distant, the possibility of being brought near always remains.

Full source
Bamidbar Rabbah 6:10Bamidbar Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

The Torah, in its infinite wisdom, touches upon this very feeling when describing the Levites.

We find in (Numbers 3:46), "All the counted, whom Moses and Aaron and the princes of Israel counted, of the Levites, by their families, and by their patrilineal house." The Bamidbar Rabbah illuminates a beautiful detail here. After meticulously counting the families of Kehat, Gershon, and Merari separately, the Torah then sums them together. Why? To show us, the Bamidbar Rabbah explains, that all are equal in the eyes of God. Each family, each individual, held equal affection in the eyes of the Holy One.

What exactly was the Levites' role? (Numbers 4:47) tells us they served "From thirty years old and above until fifty years old, everyone who came to perform the service of work, and the service [of bearing [avodat masa] in the Tent of Meeting]." Now, avodat masa can be translated as "bearing" or "carrying" – but it also hints at something more.

Here, the Rabbis launch into a fascinating discussion about the role of music, specifically song, in the Temple service. Rabbi Meir believed that a missing song could invalidate an offering. A pretty strong statement. The other Rabbis disagreed, but Rabbi Elazar backs up Rabbi Meir, drawing a parallel from (Numbers 8:19): "I have given the Levites, given [to Aaron and to his sons…to perform the service of the children of Israel in the Tent of Meeting], and to atone for the children of Israel..." He argues that just as a failure to properly atone nullifies the offering, so too does the absence of song, because it is an essential part of the atonement process. The other Rabbis counter that the verse only teaches us that atonement, like song, must be done during the day.

So, where in the Torah do we even learn about this requirement for song? Rabbi Yehuda, citing Shmuel, points us to (Deuteronomy 18:7): "He shall serve in the name of the Lord." What service, he asks, inherently includes the name of the Lord? Song, of course!

Others offer different interpretations. Rabbi Naḥman bar Yitzḥak suggests (Psalms 81:3): "Take up [se’u] song, sound the timbrel; a pleasing lyre with a harp.” He cleverly plays on the word se'u, which can mean both "lift up" and "raise" – as in, raise your voice. He also cites (Isaiah 24:14): “They will raise [yisu] their voices, they will sing, for the majesty of the Lord…”

The debate continues! It's like a fascinating game of textual hopscotch. We then turn to (Numbers 7:9): "But to the sons of Kehat he did not give, because the sacred service is upon them; they shall bear [yisa’u] on the shoulder. The Rabbis, however, see a hidden layer. The word yisa’u, like se'u, is linked to song. So, carrying the Ark isn’t just a physical act; it’s intertwined with music, with praise!

Hananya, the son of Rabbi Yehoshua’s brother, brings in (Exodus 19:19): "Moses would speak and God would answer him with a voice,” highlighting the importance of voice in communicating with the Divine. Rabbi Asa references II (Chronicles 5:13): "It was when the trumpeters and singers were as one, to sound one voice.” This verse emphasizes the unity and harmony created by the musicians in the Temple.

Rabbi Yonatan cites (Numbers 18:3), "Neither you nor they will die," arguing that just as the priests are involved in the altar service, so too are the Levites through song. Finally, Rabbi Yoḥanan points to (Numbers 4:47) itself: "To perform the service of work [avodat avoda]." What service, he asks, requires another service? Song, sung as an accompaniment to the libations, the wine offerings. It's a service within a service.

All these interpretations circle around one idea: that the Levites' service, their avodat masa, was more than just physical labor. It was infused with spirit, with song, with praise.

This whole discussion invites us to consider: What is our song? What unique offering do we bring to the world? And how can we infuse our daily tasks, our mundane routines, with a sense of joy, of purpose, of sacredness? Perhaps, like the Levites, we can find our own voice and contribute to the harmony of creation.

Full source
Bamidbar Rabbah 15:5Bamidbar Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

The verse in question is from (Psalms 18:29): "For You light my lamp." Israel, in this story, turns to the Holy One, blessed be He, and essentially says: "Master of the Universe, You are the light of the world! Daniel (2:22) tells us that light resides with You. So why are we, of all people, being asked to illuminate before You, as it says in Numbers (8:2): 'Toward the front of the candelabrum the seven lamps shall illuminate'?

The Holy One, blessed be He, responds with a profound explanation. "It is not that I need you," He says, "but rather that you shall illuminate for Me the way that I illuminated for you. Why? It is to elevate you before the nations, so they will say: See how Israel illuminates for the One who illuminates for the entire world.” In other words, the act of lighting the lamps isn't about providing light to God, but about elevating the people of Israel and displaying their connection to the Divine.

Bamidbar Rabbah then uses a beautiful parable to illustrate this point. Imagine a sighted man and a blind man walking together. The sighted man guides the blind man along the way. Upon reaching their destination, the sighted man asks the blind man to light a lamp for him. The blind man is understandably confused. He says, "You guided me here. You were my light on the path. Now you ask me to illuminate for you?"

The sighted man explains, "I ask this so you won't feel indebted to me for my help along the way. By illuminating for me, you become an active participant, not just a receiver."

In this parable, the sighted man represents the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is stated: "They are the eyes of the Lord that rove over the entire earth" (Zechariah 4:10). And the blind man? That's Israel, as it is stated: "We grope a wall like the blind" (Isaiah 59:10). The Holy One, blessed be He, guided them, illuminated their path, as we see in Exodus (13:21): "The Lord was going before them by day [in a pillar of cloud…and by night in a pillar of fire, to illuminate for them]."

So, when the Tabernacle stood, and the Holy One, blessed be He, called upon Moses to light the lamps – "Behaalotekha [Kindle] the lamps" – it was an act of elevation – "le’alot [to elevate] you."

The act of illuminating wasn't about providing light where there was none, but about empowering the people, giving them a role in the divine dance, and displaying their unique relationship with the source of all light. It's a powerful reminder that even when we feel like we have little to offer, our participation, our act of "illuminating," can be a source of profound meaning and connection. What light can we bring to the world, not because it's needed, but because our act of offering elevates us all?

Full source
Bamidbar Rabbah 19:26Bamidbar Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

The Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary), specifically Bamidbar Rabbah 19, poses a fascinating question: Why isn’t Moses, the leader who struck the rock and brought forth water, mentioned in the song of praise? And why isn't God's name mentioned either?

The answer, at least according to the Midrash, is layered with symbolism. It suggests that Moses wasn't mentioned because he was "punished by means of water." The Midrash states, "...a person does not laud his executioner." Harsh. It's a stark reminder that even our greatest leaders are subject to divine judgment.

What about God's absence from the song? Here, the Midrash uses a powerful analogy: imagine a ruler preparing a feast for the king. But the king asks, "Is my close friend there?" And when he learns that the friend is absent, he declares, "I too will not go there." Similarly, the Midrash suggests that God’s presence is intertwined with Moses’s. If Moses isn’t celebrated, neither is He. It's a poignant illustration of the deep connection between God and his faithful servant.

The narrative then shifts to the well itself. The verse in Numbers (21:18) says, “A well that princes dug, that the nobles of the people excavated.” But did they actually dig? The Midrash offers a different interpretation. It wasn't physical digging, but rather a gift bestowed upon them due to the merit of the patriarchs – Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. "He opened a rock and water flowed.… For He remembered His sacred word to Abraham His servant," we find in Psalms (105:41–42). These forefathers, the "princes," paved the way for this miraculous provision.

Imagine this: the princes stood atop the well, drawing water with their staffs, each for their tribe and family. And the water flowed so powerfully that it filled the space between the banners of the tribes. According to Ginzberg's retelling in Legends of the Jews, women could even travel between encampments by boat! The verse "They went batziyot in the river" (Psalms 105:41) is interpreted, in this context, to mean they traveled in ships (tziyot).

The water wasn't just for drinking, though. It surrounded the camp, creating a lush oasis in the barren wilderness. "He leads me in circles of righteousness for His name’s sake," sings the Psalmist (23:3), and "He lies me down in green pastures; He leads me beside still waters" (23:2). All thanks to this miraculous well.

The Midrash continues, "And from the wilderness to Matana…" Matana means "a gift" in Hebrew. Why was this gift given in the wilderness, specifically? The Midrash offers a powerful explanation: to ensure equality. If the Torah – because that's what the Midrash sees in the gift, the Torah – had been given in the Land of Israel, one tribe might claim precedence. But in the wilderness, everyone is equal.

There's more! The wilderness, untamed and uncultivated, becomes a metaphor for the life of a Torah scholar. Just as the wilderness is free from the burdens of cultivation and taxation, so too, one who dedicates themselves to Torah is freed from the yoke of worldly concerns. The one who truly sustains the Torah, it suggests, is the one who "conducts himself like a wilderness and withdraws himself from everything."

Finally, the Midrash connects the journey of the well to the three courts in Jerusalem that interpreted the Torah: the Sanhedrin (the supreme rabbinic court). "And from Matana to Naḥaliel, and from Naḥaliel to Bamot." Naḥaliel, we are told, can be read as "the portion [naḥalat] of God [El]." This represents the Sanhedrin on the Temple Mount, while Bamot, which can refer to an altar, represents the Sanhedrin in the Courtyard, alongside the altar. The third is in the Chamber of Hewn Stone, in the area of Ruth, who came from the field of Moav.

And what about the well itself? The Midrash says it accompanied them until it entered the Sea of Tiberias. From atop Mount Nevo, one can see it in the sea, "like an oven full."

So, what does it all mean? This passage from Bamidbar Rabbah isn’t just a history lesson. It’s a meditation on leadership, divine presence, the importance of Torah study, and the pursuit of equality. And sometimes, the most profound lessons are found not in what is said, but in what is left unsaid.

Full source