Parshat Vayera6 min read

Isaac Said He Would Not Refuse and God Said the Hour Had Come

Ishmael had been telling his brother for years that he was the braver son. Isaac was thirty-seven when he finally answered him out loud.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Feast With Nothing Set Aside
  2. Two Brothers Counting Their Own Blood
  3. The Letters Were Already in His Name
  4. Two Young Men at the Foot of the Mountain
  5. He Came Down Alone
Isaac Said He Would Not Refuse and God Said the Hour Had Come Click for full size

The Feast With Nothing Set Aside

The day Isaac was weaned, Abraham put on the largest meal of his life. He was a hundred years old and he had waited the whole hundred, and he fed everybody in the camp and everybody who came through it.

That night he lay awake going over it. "I was happy and I made everyone else happy," he said to himself, "and I did not set one thing aside for the Holy One. Not a bull. Not a ram."

The ministering angels had noticed it before he did, and they said so upstairs, in the tone prosecutors use.

"This Abraham. You gave him a son at a hundred years old. He spreads a table for his whole household on the day the boy is weaned. Not one turtledove. Not one young pigeon. Nothing came up here at all."

"If I told him to sacrifice his son in front of Me," God said, "he would sacrifice him."

Two Brothers Counting Their Own Blood

Down on the ground the two boys were having their own argument, and it was about the same thing without either of them knowing it.

Ishmael had the better case and he knew it. "I am greater than you," he told his brother. "I took the circumcision at thirteen years old. It was in my hand to stop it. I could have fought them off and I did not. You were eight days old. You could not have refused if you wanted to. You did not choose anything."

Isaac was thirty-seven and had been listening to this his whole life.

"You are trying to frighten me with one limb," he said. "Everything you handed over came to three drops of blood. If the Holy One asked me to cut off a limb, I would not refuse Him. If He told me to lie down and be slaughtered, I would not refuse Him either."

Nobody on earth heard the answer to that.

"The hour has come," God said.

The Letters Were Already in His Name

Years before any of it, Abraham had stood in front of God with a request he thought was reasonable. He had one son already. "Let Ishmael live before You." He did not want a second child. He wanted the one he had to be enough.

The answer was that Sarah would bear him a son, and the boy was to be called Yitzchak, because everyone was going to laugh with joy over him.

The name came with a count in it. The first letter, yod, stands for ten, and Abraham was going to be tested ten times and hold in all ten. The second, tzadi, stands for ninety, and Sarah was ninety years old when the child came out of her. The third, chet, stands for eight, and the boy was eight days old when the knife first touched him. The last, kuf, stands for a hundred, which was Abraham's age at the birth.

The trials were counted out and the number was sitting in the front of his son's name every time he called the boy in for a meal.

Two Young Men at the Foot of the Mountain

Abraham got up early, saddled his own donkey with his own hands, split the wood for the fire, and took two young men and his son and went.

On the third day he saw the place from a distance and told the two young men to stay with the donkey.

The two of them were Ishmael and Eliezer, Abraham's steward, and as soon as the father and the boy were out of earshot they started in on each other.

"He is going to slaughter Isaac up there," Ishmael said. "I am the firstborn. I inherit everything."

"You inherit nothing," Eliezer said. "He threw you out of the house years ago. I am the son of his house. I am the one who inherits him."

They sat at the bottom of the mountain and divided a dead boy's property between them, and above them a father was building an altar and laying the wood out on it in order.

He Came Down Alone

Abraham came back to the place where he had left them, and he came back by himself.

They looked at the empty road behind him. He had gone up with a son and there was no son. The argument they had been having all afternoon had just been settled, and neither of them said a word about inheritance.

"Where is Isaac?"

"I sent him to the house of Eber his teacher, to study Torah."

They stood up and went with him. Whatever they had thought they were watching, they believed the man in front of them, because in all the years they had known him he had never once said a thing that was not so. Ishmael walked the road down to Beersheba beside the father who had put him out of the house, next to a servant who had just told him he would inherit nothing, believing that the brother he had argued with was alive somewhere learning Torah.


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From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Midrash Aggadah, Genesis 22:1Midrash Aggadah

Translation of the source text.Midrash Aggadah (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"And it came to pass after these things" (Genesis 22:1). Everywhere that "after" is stated, it is set apart. What is "after"? That the angels said to the Holy One, blessed be He: This Abraham, You graced him with a son at one hundred years, and he made a great feast on the day Isaac was weaned, yet he did not have to offer before You a single turtledove or a young pigeon. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to them: If I were to tell him to offer up his son before Me, he would offer him. Therefore it is written, "And God tested Abraham."

Another interpretation: That Ishmael said to Isaac: I am greater than you, for I received circumcision when I was thirteen years old, and it was in my power to protest, yet I did not protest; but you, when you received the circumcision, were eight days old, and you had no strength to protest, and therefore you did not protest. Isaac said to him: With one limb you make me afraid? Were the Holy One, blessed be His name, to say to me that I should offer up myself, I would offer it and I would not refuse. Therefore it is said, "And God tested Abraham."

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Midrash Aggadah, Genesis 17:18Midrash Aggadah

Translation of the source text.Midrash Aggadah (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"O that Ishmael might live before You" (Genesis 17:18). Abraham said: I do not want any to endure except Ishmael. The Holy One, blessed be He, answered him: Truly, "Sarah your wife shall bear you a son, and you shall call his name Isaac" (Genesis 17:19), for all will rejoice in him.

And why was his name called Yitzchak? Yod (10) corresponds to the ten trials with which Abraham our father was tested, and he withstood them all. Tzadi (90), for Sarah was ninety years old at the time she bore him. Chet (8), for he was circumcised at eight, a son of eight days. Qof (100), corresponding to Abraham, who was a hundred years old when he was born to him.

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Midrash Aggadah, Genesis 22:19Midrash Aggadah

Translation of the source text.Midrash Aggadah (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"And Abraham returned to his young men" (Genesis 22:19), Ishmael and Eliezer were disputing with one another. Ishmael was saying: Abraham will slaughter Isaac, and I will inherit him. And Eliezer said to him: You will not inherit, for he has already driven you out; but I am the son of his house, and I will inherit him.

When Abraham returned to his young men, to the place where he had left them, and they did not see Isaac, they supposed that he had slaughtered him. They said to him: Isaac, where is he? He said to them: I have brought him to the house of Eber his teacher, to study Torah. Therefore it is said, "And Abraham returned", that is to say, alone, and he did not mention Isaac.

"And they rose up", because he had said to them, "Stay here," therefore it says, "and they rose up." "And they went", just as it was in Abraham's heart that Isaac was alive, so too they knew that Isaac was alive, for they believed the words of Abraham, since they knew that he does not lie.

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Bereshit Rabbah 55:4Bereshit Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

Our story begins with the seemingly simple phrase, “After these matters [devarim]…”. The Hebrew word devarim can mean both "matters" and "words," and as we explore Bereshit Rabbah 55, a collection of rabbinic homilies on the Book of Genesis, we discover layers of meaning within this ambiguity.

The text asks: After which "words" or "matters" was this spoken? It suggests Abraham himself was contemplating something. He realized, "I rejoiced and caused everyone else to rejoice when Isaac was born! But I didn't set aside anything from my feast for the Holy One, blessed be He – not even a bull or a ram!"

Isn't that human? To be swept up in the joy of the moment, perhaps forgetting to offer thanks in the way one feels is most appropriate. But the Holy One, blessed be He, understands. God responds, essentially, "I don't need your gifts. I know that if I asked you to sacrifice your own son, you wouldn't refuse." A pretty powerful statement. Rabbi Elazar offers another perspective, building upon an idea he presents elsewhere in Bereshit Rabbah (51:2). He explains that when the text reads "and God" instead of just "God," it refers to Him and His court – God acting in concert with the angels. So, according to this interpretation, the ministering angels were the ones observing Abraham’s oversight. They murmur, "Abraham rejoiced, but he didn't set aside anything for God!" But God, again, defends Abraham, knowing the depth of his devotion.

The story doesn't end there. We then hear of an argument between Isaac and Ishmael. Each is claiming to be more beloved by God. Ishmael argues, "I am more beloved because I was circumcised at thirteen, when I could understand and consent." Isaac retorts, "I was circumcised at eight days old!"

One variant reading of the text continues with Ishmael pressing his point: "I am more beloved because I had the ability to protest, but I didn't!" Isaac, not to be outdone, declares, "If only God would ask me to sever a limb, I wouldn't refuse!" In another version Isaac says to Ishmael, "Everything that you gave over to the Holy One blessed be He amounted to three drops of blood. I, though, am thirty-seven years old now, and if He were to ask me to be slaughtered, I would not refuse."

And then, the dramatic climax: The Holy One, blessed be He, responds to Isaac, "The hour has come!" And immediately following this statement: "After this, “God tested Abraham.”"

Wow. Talk about a cliffhanger. This passage from Bereshit Rabbah paints a vivid picture. It highlights the constant dialogue between humanity and the Divine, the internal struggles within families, and the ultimate test of faith. It also reminds us that God sees not just our actions, but also the intentions of our hearts. Perhaps, most importantly, it sets the stage for one of the most pivotal (and challenging) narratives in the Torah – the binding of Isaac, the Akeidah. What does it mean to be truly devoted? And what does God truly ask of us? These are the questions that linger long after the story is told.

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